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5 Tax Deductions U.S. Expats Can Take Advantage of in Portugal

Strategic tax planning is critical if you’re a high-net-worth individual from the U.S. moving to Portugal via a Golden Visa or residency permit. By playing your cards right, you’ll be able to receive some of the highest tax deductions in all of Europe as an expat.

1.   Non-Habitual Residency (NHR)

Without question, one of the most powerful incentives for new Portuguese residents was the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime. This was accessible to all high-net-worth individuals, retirees, and remote workers.

Under the original NHR rules (this ended late 2023), qualifying foreign income, for example, dividends, interest, and business profit, was exempt from Portuguese tax for 10 years. Portuguese-source income was then taxed at 20%, and foreign pensions, 10%.

Unfortunately, this no longer exists. However, there’s a new program investors are calling “NHR 2.0”. This is referred to as the Tax Incentive for Scientific Research and Innovation (IFICI).

To qualify for IFICI, you need to operate in a sector deemed relevant by the AICEP (Trade & Investment Agency) or IAPMEI (Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation), or involve higher education, qualified startups, or scientific research. 

Similarly, however, it grants a 20% flat rate on qualifying Portuguese income and exempts most foreign-source income for 10 years. The main difference, regarding tax, is that foreign pensions are taxed at regular Portuguese rates.

Therefore, despite the original NHR program ending, those who qualify for IFICI can still receive some excellent tax deductions for expats.

2.   U.S. Foreign Tax Credit (FTC)

Those in the U.S. must pay tax on worldwide income. That’s what makes credit relief important. Fortunately, Portuguese tax can usually be credited against U.S tax under IRC §901.

Simply, the U.S.-Portugal tax convention requires the U.S. to avoid double taxation by granting credit for tax paid in Portugal.

Therefore, let’s say you pay Portuguese income tax on your salary, dividends, rent, etc. This can be offset against your U.S. tax liability on the same income.

For example, if you pay 35% in Portuguese tax on foreign business income, you can mark it as a Foreign Tax Credit on your U.S return.

By using the FTC and treaty correctly, expats can ensure they aren’t taxed twice on the same dollar. This improves cross-border tax efficiency tenfold.

3.   Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE)

U.S. tax law also offers an exclusion that U.S. expats can leverage. This is under IRC §911.

It says qualifying Americans working abroad can be excluded up to $130,000. To qualify for the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE), you must meet the bona fide residence or 330-day test.

Alongside this, you have the Foreign Housing Exclusion, allowing you to exclude certain housing costs. As of 2025, this is capped at around $39,000. For high-rent areas like Lisbon, higher limits may apply by IRS notice.

By using FEIE and the Foreign Housing Exclusion, Americans can exclude a large chunk of their earned income and housing expenses from U.S tax.

4.   Charitable Donation Deductions

Portugal’s tax code is very philanthropy-heavy, granting those who utilize it generous tax credits.

For example, individual taxpayers in the country can claim a 25% credit on cash donations to qualifying public-benefit organizations. It’s possible to donate to other entities, however, this can range from a 15% to 25% tax credit.

Therefore, let’s say you donate $10,000; you can claim a tax deduction of up to $2,500.

5.   Other Portuguese Deductions

Beyond the above four highly important tax deductions, there are some smaller ones to consider as well.

These include:

  • PPR Retirement Contributions: Contributions to a PPR (Plano Poupança Reforma) retirement saving plan can earn a 20% tax credit. The max credit depends on your age.
  • Health Expenses: 15% tax credit on specific non-reimbursed medical expenses (up to €1,000 per year).
  • Education Expenses: 30% credit on certain educational costs (up to €800, or up to €1,100 if also paying rent).
  • Household and Domestic Services: 35% credit on qualifying household services, home repairs, services, etc. (Max €250 or €500 for joint returns).
  • Other Specific Credits: There are also varying credits for mortgage interest, rent, home improvements for retirees, etc., each with its own limit.

The tax deductions are very modest. However, together, they can help reduce your taxable income.

To learn more about the standard Portuguese tax rules, claim this free tax guide today.

Conclusion

The strategies mentioned above can help reduce a U.S. expat’s tax liability if they’re living in Portugal.

To fully take advantage of these deductions, however, you need a professional by your side. Someone who understands U.S. and Portugal’s tax laws.

Holborn Assets specialize in helping high-net-worth individuals with cross-border financial planning, tax-efficient investment strategies, and ongoing wealth management.. Contact us today to learn more, sign up for our webinar on “Tax Efficient Tips and Financial Planning for Expats in Portugal,” or get in touch for a personalized consultation.

Our 12 Favorite Tongue Twisters in Portuguese

If you’ve ever tried wrapping your tongue around a tricky Portuguese phrase and ended up with your tongue in knots, you’re not alone. That delightful linguistic chaos you just experienced has a name: trava-línguas.

Literally meaning “tongue-stoppers” in European Portuguese, trava-línguas are short phrases or sentences designed to be difficult to pronounce, especially when repeated quickly. Much like their English counterparts, these playful expressions are meant to test your diction, rhythm, and patience. But more than that, they are a fun and endearing part of language learning that connects you with the musicality and humor of Portuguese.

We’ve gathered twelve of our absolute favorite trava-línguas that will have your mouth super confused, but your Portuguese skills will be all the better for it. Just laugh, stumble, and try again.

1. O rato roeu a rolha da garrafa do rei da Rússia

English – The rat chewed the cork of the King of Russia’s bottle

This classic trava-línguas is as regal as it is ridiculous. The repetition of the rolled r makes it especially challenging for learners, and even native speakers may trip over it if they go too fast. We are still trying to say it properly.

Why we love it – It’s got everything – rodents, royalty, Russia, and rolled Rs. What’s not to love?

Try it fast
O rato roeu a rolha da garrafa do rei da Rússia.
Repeat three times without laughing. We dare you.

2. Três pratos de trigo para três tigres tristes

English: Three plates of wheat for three sad tigers

Tigers are apparently quite melancholy in Portuguese tongue-twisters, but that doesn’t make this any easier to say. The “tr” sound and the repetition of três/trigo/tigres/tristes create a rhythm that’s easy to mess up.

Pro tip – Start slowly and increase speed only once you’ve nailed the consonant transitions.

Bonus challenge – Try saying it backwards. No? We thought not.

3. Caixa de graxa grossa de graça

English – Free box of thick grease

Here’s a short one that packs a punch. The repeated gr sounds are tricky to pronounce cleanly in a row. Grease has never sounded so glamorous – or so difficult.

Why we love it – It sounds like a tongue twister designed by a mechanic with a sense of humor.

Say it like a pro 
Caixa de graxa grossa de graça, caixa de graxa grossa de graça…

4. Quem a paca cara compra, paca cara pagará

English – Whoever buys the expensive paca, will pay dearly for the paca

The paca is a large rodent found in South America, and while it’s not native to Portugal, this phrase is well-known among Portuguese speakers. The repeated pa/ca syllables are a playful nightmare for learners.

What makes it hard – Those short, sharp syllables sound nearly identical when spoken quickly. Think of it as the Portuguese version of “she sells seashells.”

5. O sabiá não sabia que o sábio sabia que o sabiá não sabia assobiar

English – The thrush didn’t know that the wise man knew that the thrush didn’t know how to whistle

This tongue twister is a philosophical rollercoaster. It plays with sabiá (a type of songbird), sabia (knew), sábio (wise), and assobiar (to whistle). It’s an existential crisis of a bird who doesn’t know it can’t whistle.

Why we love it – It’s as much a tongue twister as a logic puzzle—and it gives your s sounds a serious workout.

6. O doce perguntou pro doce qual doce era mais doce. O doce respondeu pro doce que o doce mais doce era o doce da batata-doce

English – The sweet asked the sweet which sweet was the sweetest. The sweet responded to the sweet that the sweetest sweet was the sweet-potato sweet

This saccharine sentence is as confusing as it is cute. The repetition of doce in different grammatical roles—noun, adjective, subject—turns this into a delightful mix of sugar and syntax. It’s a great way to practice the “s” and “ç” sounds while teasing apart sentence structure.

Why we love it – It sounds like a candy-coated philosophical debate. Plus, how can you not smile while saying “doce da batata-doce”?

7. O pinto pia, a pipa pinga. Pinga a pipa e o pinto pia. Quanto mais o pinto pia mais a pipa pinga

English – The chick chirps, the keg drips. The keg drips and the chick chirps. The more the chick chirps, the more the keg drips.

This one is musical, chaotic, and hilarious. Try saying it while tapping a rhythm and you’ll feel like you’re performing a tongue-twisting samba.

What’s the trick – The interplay between p and pi sounds, plus the shifting word order, make it harder with each repetition.

8. Casa suja, chão sujo

English – Dirty house, dirty floor

Short, sweet, and not-so-simple. It’s a classic beginner’s trava-línguas and often taught to children, but don’t let its length fool you—it’s surprisingly easy to mess up.

Why it matters – It teaches the subtle distinctions between “s” and “ch” sounds—important in Portuguese pronunciation.

Say it five times in a row – Casa suja, chão sujo… and try not to accidentally clean the house.

9. A aranha arranha a rã. A rã arranha a aranha. Nem a aranha arranha a rã, nem a rã arranha a aranha

English – The spider scratches the frog. The frog scratches the spider. Neither the spider scratches the frog, nor the frog scratches the spider

Welcome to a tongue-twister where amphibians and arachnids get caught up in a vicious cycle. The repeated rr and nasal sounds make this a tough one to pronounce clearly.

Visualize it – Picture a frog and a spider having a scratch-off… then say the whole thing with a straight face.

10. Um limão, mil limões, um milhão de limões

English – One lemon, a thousand lemons, one million lemons

Try this before breakfast. Your mouth will be puckered before you even pick up a lemon. The transition from um to mil to milhão and repeating limões is harder than it sounds.

Why it works – The rhythm builds naturally, but the numbers mess with your flow. Plus, it’s fun to say “um milhão de limões” out loud.

11. O tempo perguntou ao tempo quanto tempo o tempo tem. O tempo respondeu ao tempo que o tempo tem tanto tempo que tempo tem

English – Time asked time how much time time has. Time replied to time that time has so much time that time has

This one is poetry disguised as a mind-bender. It takes the concept of time and repeats it until your brain and tongue both short-circuit.

What we love – It’s a riddle that plays with repetition, meaning, and the slipperiness of abstract ideas.

12. Percebeste? Se não percebeste faz que percebeste para que eu perceba que tu percebeste. Percebeste?

English: Got it? If you didn’t get it, pretend you got it, so that I get that you got it. Got it?

This mind-bending phrase puts your verb comprehension – and your ability to fake understanding – to the test. With five conjugations of perceber flying around, it’s both a tongue twister and a social survival tactic.

Why it’s brilliant: It mimics real-life conversations when we all just nod along pretending we understood. Bonus points if you can say it without laughing – or pausing to question whether you really did perceive it all.

Why Practice Trava-Línguas?

Besides being a fun linguistic workout, tongue twisters help improve your pronunciation, rhythm, and fluency in a new language. They build muscle memory in your mouth, improve your ear for native sounds, and even give you a feel for the playfulness that’s part of everyday Portuguese culture. And, let’s be honest, they’re also great icebreakers.

Trava-línguas are often used with children, actors, singers, and language learners of all levels. They’re like tiny works of wordplay art passed down through generations.

Final Thoughts

Learning Portuguese isn’t only about mastering grammar or vocabulary. It’s also about enjoying the rhythm, the quirks, and the pure fun of the language. 

So the next time you find yourself in a conversation with native speakers, pull out one of these delightful phrases. Whether you impress them with your pronunciation or make them laugh with your valiant attempt, you’ll be connecting in the most human, joyful way possible – through shared language and laughter.

Ready for the challenge? Now go on—pick your favorite, and trava essa língua!

Which trava-língua is your favorite? 

Top 10 Most Annoying Sounds That Will Keep You from Sleeping Well in Portugal

Ah, Portugal. The land of fado, custard tarts, gorgeous tiles everywhere you look – until night falls and another dimension of the Portuguese experience begins: the nighttime soundtrack. You may have come looking to relax, but what awaits you is something far richer (and noisier): an immersive, all-hours audio experience. 

Forget white noise machines. Portugal has its own “village surround sound,” and it’s powered by alarm clocks (or should we say “cocks?”), overexcited dogs, motorbikes with their own personalities, and the occasional church bell that simply refuses to quit. Ready for a tour through the audio tapestry of Portugal? Here are the top 10 most annoying sounds keeping you from sleeping well in Portugal—and why, strangely enough, you’ll miss them once you’re gone.

1. The Alarm Cock

In Portugal, no one sleeps through the morning (not with roosters on duty). These birds take their jobs seriously, and they are nothing if not persistent. They don’t just crow at dawn. They crow at intervals from sunrise until you finally give up and make coffee. One rooster often sets off another, and before you know it, the hills are alive with the sound of poultry.

This may seem quaint on Day 1. By Day 4, you’re bargaining with the universe for just ten more minutes of sleep wishing you just had an actual alarm clock that you could set accordingly.

2. Church Bells That Mark Time Like It’s a Competitive Sport

The romance of church bells echoing through a quiet village square is undeniable – until they chime every hour on the hour from morning until night. Some are so enthusiastic, they even throw in bonus rings just to keep you on your toes. In both sleepy rural Portuguese villages and in the heart of Lisbon, the bells are always ready to let you know exactly what time it is, whether you asked or not.

It’s poetic, yes, but also a little aggressive when you’re clinging to the last moments of your dream at 7 a.m.

Note: Not every church rings its bells all night long, but for some of the unlucky trying to sleep, you might just get one that does. 

The exterior of the Mother Church of Santa Maria de Válega, Peter K Burian, Wikimedia Commons

3. The Wandering Amolador and His Mysterious Flute

There exists a rare and ancient breed of sound unique to Portugal: the eerie melody of the Amolador. This is the knife sharpener who roams neighborhoods playing a haunting little tune to announce his arrival. The sound is unmistakable: ghostly, nostalgic, and oddly intrusive when it appears uninvited at 8:00 am, just as you thought you could drift back to sleep.

He never speaks. He just plays, sharpens, and vanishes, and you never know when he will pop back up in the Portuguese soundscape, when you least expect it. 

4. The Nonstop Barking Dogs

Portugal’s dogs are social creatures, and they love to express themselves, especially in the middle of the night. Whether they’re warning you about a passing cat, joining in a community-wide bark-a-thon, or simply howling at the moon, they do it loudly and often.

In many neighborhoods, you’ll find clusters of dogs who have formed an unofficial village committee. They hold nightly meetings to discuss everything and nothing, in chorus, until the early hours. Sleep through it if you can. Do your best to ignore them. Most can’t. But don’t do what my Airbnb neighbor did and throw some meat down to them in the middle of the night – because that’s just going to keep them coming back for more.  

Dogs – you never know when the bark-a-thon will begin, DepositPhotos.com

5. The High-Pitched Hum of Mosquitoes with Personal Agendas

They wait until you’re just drifting off. Then: the whine. That tiny, high-frequency buzz in your ear is the sound of a Portuguese mosquito scoping out its midnight snack. No amount of swatting or hiding under the covers seems to deter them. They’re stealthy, persistent, and apparently thrive on your exhaustion.

The next morning, you’ll discover new bite marks and up your personal vendetta against anything with wings.

6. Garbage Trucks on a Mission to Keep You Awake

In many towns and cities across Portugal, garbage collection happens in the middle of the night when streets are quiet and bins are full. Unfortunately, the process is anything but silent. Between the clatter of bottles, the screech of hydraulic lifts, and the enthusiastic tossing of trash, it’s an event that could wake the dead. You may think you have that prime, centrally located hotel or apartment in the center of Lisbon until the garbage trucks awaken and start making your rounds. Then, you realize – you’re not going getting to sleep (or going back to it) anytime soon.  

Bonus feature: glass recycling nights, which sound suspiciously like someone bowling with wine bottles outside your window.

7. Motorbikes in Full Throttle at 3 A.M.

Every town seems to have at least one local who treats the streets like a racetrack and his motorcycle like a Formula 1 car. This individual makes nightly laps at high speed, revving the engine like he’s auditioning for an action movie. He’s seen all 11 Fast and the Furious films…twice. And though his bike may be small, it sounds like a dragon trapped in a tin can. 

The worst part? Just when you think it’s over, he loops back again. And again. And again.

8. Firecrackers Before Breakfast

Portugal loves a good festival. From saints’ days to local processions to random weekends with sunshine, there is always something to celebrate. And no Portuguese celebration is complete without firecrackers. Lots of them. Often launched before 8 a.m., they terrify both humans and livestock alike.

It’s not a war zone. It’s apparently the sound of joy. Really loud joy.

Firecrackers, DepositPhotos.com

9. The Builders, the Chefs, and the Tool-Wielding Neighbors

Sunshine in Portugal often triggers a universal instinct: time to renovate something. Anything. Your neighbor might decide to retile the roof. The guy across the street might start installing a stone barbecue with a jackhammer. Someone else may sand a gate for hours on end. There’s always a drill, a hammer, or an angle grinder doing its thing.

If you’re staying near a restaurant, you might also enjoy the soundtrack of clanging pots and upbeat kitchen music playing well past midnight.

10. Wild Animal Bonus Round: Crickets, Peacocks, and Other Unexpected Guests

Just when you think you’ve cataloged every possible nocturnal noise, nature decides to get creative. Massive crickets start chirping in waves. Peacocks (yes, actual peacocks) begin screaming like banshees. Moths or bats slam into glass windows with reckless abandon. And alley cats conduct their own operatic duels or dances of love under the moonlight.

The Portuguese countryside is gorgeous. But it’s not quiet. Never mistake a stone cottage for a quiet getaway.

Male peacock in the garden, Porto, DepositPhotos.com

The Hidden Soundtrack of Portugal

Beyond the top ten offenders, the full soundtrack includes:

• Neighbors yelling jovially to each other across the street

• Children playing soccer until well after dark

• Old men listening to fado on a radio just loud enough to reach the next parish

• Someone shouting animatedly about football in the middle of a one-way street

The result is a country that feels less like a destination and more like a theater performance where everyone is both a cast member and part of the audience.

Why You’ll Miss It

Despite the sleepless nights, Portugal’s soundscape isn’t just noise. It’s life. It’s tradition. It’s the soundtrack of a country that doesn’t believe in being quiet just because the sun’s down.

After a few days, the chaos becomes comfort. The barking dogs become familiar. The bells feel like old friends coming round to visit again. Even the firecrackers take on a kind of absurd charm. And when you return home to a perfectly silent bedroom? You might find yourself lying there, wide awake, wondering where the rooster is…and feeling truly alone.

Because in Portugal, the soundtrack never stops but neither does the magic.

8 Best Events in Porto, July 2025

Porto comes alive in July with an unforgettable lineup of events, from riverside music festivals and candlelit concerts to open-air cinema and world-class wine tastings. So, whether you’re into rock legends, electronic beats, traditional folklore, or dancing by the sea, we’re absolutely sure you’ll have a great time in Porto this July!

As such, here are 8 events happening in Porto in July 2025!

1. MEO Marés Vivas Festival

When: July 18-20, 4 p.m.

Where: Vila Nova de Gaia

How much: day ticket – 50 EUR; general pass – 100 EUR

MEO Marés Vivas is back in Vila Nova de Gaia, near Porto, bringing three days of music, energy, and unforgettable memories! With a lineup that mixes global icons and top Portuguese talent, this riverside festival is undoubtedly a summer highlight that needs to be on your to-do list!

July 18 kicks off with the legendary rock band Scorpions, ready to ignite the stage with their best songs that will certainly bring a touch of nostalgia! On July 19, Thirty Seconds to Mars will take over with their iconic rhythms. Pedro Sampaio will perform on July 20, delivering infectious beats that will keep you dancing till the end!

Ultimately, it’s more than just a music festival! So, grab your ticket now and come enjoy some good music!

2. Candlelight Open Air: Queen vs. The Beatles

When: July 20, 9:30 p.m.

Where: Pestana Palácio do Freixo, Estrada Nacional 108, 4300-316 Porto

How much: From 21 EUR to 43 EUR

Yes, you heard that right! Queen and The Beatles! Now, that’s a competition! Two of the greatest bands of all time, on the same stage?! Well, this is obviously a tribute, but still… Being able to listen to the most iconic songs of both bands at the same concert – that’s a dream!

Plus, the concert takes place at the stunning Pestana Palácio do Freixo in Porto, which adds a touch of elegance and history to the experience.

Without a doubt, you can expect timeless hits like I Want to Break Free, We Are the Champions, All You Need Is Love, and many more, performed by talented musicians in a dream-like atmosphere.

Things to do in Porto in July 2025
Porto. Photo by Noelephants Flying (Unsplash)

3. Elétrico Festival

When: July 4-6

Where: Parque Urbano da Pasteleira, R. de Diogo Botelho, 4150-124 Porto

How much: From 30 EUR to 80 EUR

Electric Festival 2025 is an invitation to become part of a living, breathing story shaped by the energy of thousands of people coming together to celebrate life, art, and sound.

The festival is set in the lush surroundings of Parque Urbano da Pasteleira in Porto, one of the city’s most vibrant green spaces.

The lineup? Electrifying. Dance to the rhythms of Adam Ten, Carl Craig, Moodymann, Chloé Caillet, Chris Stussy, and many more artists!

4. Hybrid Park at Hard Club: Tribute to Chester Bennington

When: July 18, 9 p.m.

Where: Hard Club, Mercado Ferreira Borges, 4050-252 Porto

How much: 16 EUR

Hybrid Park takes the stage at Porto’s Hard Club on July 18, 2025, at 9 p.m. for a powerful 75-minute tribute marking eight years since the passing of Chester Bennington, Linkin Park’s iconic frontman.

The concert unfolds in two acts: the first showcases the band’s present with the new vocalist, Emily Armstrong, and songs from their latest album From Zero. The second act dives into the past, revisiting Linkin Park’s most iconic hits and honoring Chester’s unforgettable voice, especially from their early albums.

5. Porto Kizomba Festival – I Love Summer

When: July 9-13

Where: Hotel Golden Tulip Gaia, Praia de Lavadores, R. da Bélgica 86, 4400-044 Vila Nova de Gaia

How much: From 15 EUR to 145 EUR

The I Love Summer 2025 global dance festival will take place from July 9 to 13 at the Golden Tulip Hotel in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, just one minute from the famous Lavadores beach, a renowned tourist destination.

You’ll be able to enjoy five days filled with workshops, dance classes, a pool party, social dancing, and street dance right by the beach. The festival features three dance rooms, a pre-party, a bus tour, and delicious African cuisine tasting. Plus, don’t miss the exceptional dance competition!

Ticket prices range from €15 for a masterclass to €145 for the VIP FULLPASS, which includes full festival access, three masterclasses, and a gala dinner.

Events in Porto in July 2025
Porto. Photo by Irena Carpaccio (Unsplash)

6. Douro & Porto Wine Fest

When: July 4-5, 5 p.m.

Where: The banks of the River Douro

How much: From 12 EUR to 80 EUR 

The Douro & Porto Wine Festival is back for its 4th edition on July 4 and 5, 2025, promising two incredible days filled with music, wine, and food. The event will gather top national and international artists, numerous producers of Douro and Port wines, and exceptional regional cuisine crafted by acclaimed chefs. Full program details are available on the festival’s official website and social media.

Ticket prices start at €12 and go up to €80 for a premium 2-day Signature Access pass.

7. Fado at Casa da Guitarra

When: Throughout July

Where: Casa da Guitarra, Av. Vimara Peres 49, 4000-545 Porto

How much: From 10 EUR to 19 EUR 

Casa da Guitarra offers an authentic journey into Portuguese tradition. Plus, it is located right in the heart of Porto, just steps from the Luís I Bridge and the Cathedral.

Throughout July, you can enjoy performances by iconic Fado singers accompanied by the traditional Portuguese guitar and Fado viola, creating a deeply emotional and unforgettable atmosphere. And to complete the experience, you can delight in a glass of Port wine, a symbol of Portugal’s heritage, served during the break.

Tickets start at €10 for children, €15 for youth, and €19 for adults.

8. Outdoor Movie Night at GH Porto’s Secret Garden!

When: Throughout July

Where: Gallery Hostel, Rua Miguel Bombarda 222, 4050-377 Porto

This summer, escape the ordinary and step into Gallery Hostel Porto’s hidden garden for a movie experience like no other. Throughout July, this charming outdoor space transforms into an open-air cinema filled with twinkling lights, lush greenery, and cozy seating that sets the perfect mood for incredible summer nights.

So, bring your friends and a sense of wonder, grab a refreshing drink, and settle in for a special evening!

9 Best Events in Lisbon, July 2025

Summer in Lisbon turns up the heat—and we’re not just talking about the weather!

July is one of the hottest months in the Portuguese capital, with long, sunny days and golden evenings that beg for open-air concerts, street festivals, and seaside adventures. So pack your lightest clothing (think flowy summer dresses, shorts, linen shirts, and all things breezy) because Lisbon is buzzing with events you won’t want to miss.

There’s something magical happening every single week from iconic music festivals and candlelit classical concerts to outdoor cinema nights and vibrant cultural celebrations.

As such, here are 9 must-see events happening in Lisbon in July 2025.

1. NOS Alive 2025 Music Festival

When: July 11-12, doors open at 2:30 p.m.

Where: Passeio Maritimo de Alges, Lisboa

How much: From 84 EUR

From July 10 to 12, get ready to enjoy one of the biggest summer parties in Portugal — NOS Alive is back at Passeio Marítimo de Algés! Known for its world-class lineup and unbeatable beachside vibe, this festival is a must if you’re chasing unforgettable nights and top-tier live music.

Why choose between the beach and your favorite bands when you can have both? With its motto beach by day, music by night, NOS Alive lets you soak up the sun all day and dance until sunrise. Beyond the music, you’ll find art, culture, and the electric buzz of Lisbon’s stunning coastline.

Are you ready to feel incredible energy, meet music lovers from around the world, and make memories you won’t forget? Hurry up and get your tickets because there aren’t many left!

2. Kylie Minogue Tension Tour 2025

When: July 15, 9:30 p.m.

Where: MEO Arena, Rossio dos Olivais, 1990-231 Lisboa

How much: From 40 EUR to 130 EUR

Ready to dance the night away with a true pop legend? Kylie Minogue’s “Tension Tour” is her biggest live show since 2011, and it’s everything fans have been waiting for!

Crowned the queen of pop in Australia and loved worldwide, Kylie continues to dominate the scene. In 2024 alone, she scored a BRITs Global Icon Award, a Grammy for her smash hit “Padam Padam,” and even made a dazzling appearance at the Met Gala.

Her latest tour cranks up the energy, diving deeper into bold electronic sounds and delivering pure dancefloor magic! So, are you ready to feel the tension and join the party?

Things to do in Lisbon in July 2025
Lisbon. Photo by Alexander Zaytsev (Unsplash)

3. Festival ao Largo

When: July 4-28

Where: Largo de São Carlos, Lisboa

How much: Free

Looking for a magical way to spend a summer night in Lisbon? The Millennium Festival ao Largo might be exactly what you’ve been looking for! This free cultural event turns Largo de São Carlos into a stunning open-air stage, where classical music, opera, and dance light up the evening skies.

This year’s edition is even more special. Celebrating 500 years since the birth of Luís Vaz de Camões, one of the most iconic figures in Portuguese culture, the festival brings you a rich mosaic of performances inspired by his legacy.

And for the first time, the festival adds two full days of creative workshops designed especially for younger audiences.

So, if you want to join us this July to delight in some incredible performances signed by the Portuguese Symphony Orchestra, the National Ballet, and more? Don’t miss this cultural highlight under the stars!

4. Out Jazz Festival

When: Every Sunday, 5 p.m.

Where: Parque Urbano de Miraflores, Lisboa

How much: Free

Looking for the perfect way to wrap up your weekend in Lisbon? Out Jazz is your go-to escape; more than just music, it’s a celebration of good vibes, open spaces, and community spirit!

Every Sunday, from May to September, Lisbon’s gardens turn into laid-back stages for live jazz, soul, funk, and hip-hop. This July, head to Parque Urbano de Miraflores at 5 p.m., kick back on the grass and let the music set the mood – solo or with friends.

Why stay indoors when the rhythm of the city is calling under the open sky? And the best part? It’s completely free.

Events in Lisbon in July 2025
Lisbon. Photo by Sonder Bridge Photography (Unsplash)

5. Candlelight Concert: Timeless Composers

When: July 5, 10 p.m.

Where: St. Catherine’s Church, Calçada do Combro 82A, 1200-452 Lisboa

How much: From 24 EUR to 32 EUR

Looking for a concert with a twist of magic? Candlelight concerts offer a truly unforgettable experience: live classical music performed in stunning venues, all bathed in the soft glow of hundreds of candles!

This summer in Lisbon, you can enjoy the rhythms of Mozart, Bach, Vivaldi, Beethoven, Ravel, Tchaikovsky, and Debussy.

The performance lasts only 60 minutes, but it’ll stay with you much longer!

6. Black Swan – Open Air Cinema

When: July 1, 8 p.m. to 11 p.m.

Where: Doca da Marinha, A, Av. Infante Dom Henrique, Lisboa

How much: 14.5 EUR

Step into the surreal with an open-air screening of the Black Swan movie, a haunting psychological thriller where Natalie Portman delivers an unforgettable performance as a ballerina pushed to the edge.

This gripping psychological thriller blurs the line between beauty and madness—made even more intense in the setting of Doca da Marinha. Arrive early to enjoy a drink, explore the waterfront quiosque restaurants, grab some popcorn, and settle in for a haunting journey into the world of ballet and ambition.

7. BaixAnima Festival

When: From July to September

Where: Rua Augusta, Lisboa

How much: Free

BaixAnima is a street festival that takes place every weekend from July to September. The festivities are spread throughout various neighborhoods in downtown Lisbon, with a special focus on Rua Augusta.

During this event, Brazilian rhythms fill the streets, and you’ll be able to delight in performances signed by jugglers, acrobats, and countless street dancers. You may also stumble upon theater plays and dance shows and even join circus workshops and that’s just the beginning.

Come feel the beat, meet the artists, and let BaixAnima make your weekend unforgettable!

July events in Lisbon, 2025
Lisbon. Photo by Dmitrii E. (Unsplash)

8. Sephora Summer Vibes

When: July 3, 5 p.m. to 11 p.m.

Where: Monsantos Open Air, Estr. da Circunvalação, 1400-061, Lisboa

How much: 40 EUR

Sephora Summer Vibes is your ultimate beauty and music escape, happening at the stylish Monsantos Open Air this summer!

Get ready to explore the hottest make-up and skincare trends, test products, and pick up pro tips from your favorite brands. Then let the rhythm take over with exclusive live shows by Nenny and Bárbara Bandeira and an electrifying set from DJ Sara de Araújo.

Need a break between the beats? Lounge in the open air, refuel at the food trucks, sip on a free welcome drink (included), and snap your perfect summer moment in the photo booth.

9. Fado & Morna: Intimate Concert

When: July 13, 5:30 p.m.

Where: Jardim da Casa – Amália Rodrigues Museum, R. de São Bento 193, 1250-219 Lisboa

How much: 25 EUR

Fado meets Morna in a heartfelt tribute you won’t want to miss! This special event brings together the soul of Portugal and Cape Verde, honoring two legendary voices — Amália Rodrigues and Cesária Évora.

It takes place in the garden of the Casa de Amália Rodrigues, which is in itself a beauty! So, if you’re looking for an event where you can learn more about different cultures and, at the same time, experience pure emotion like never before, come celebrate the timeless power of Fado and Morna in a setting as intimate as the music itself!

Proposed Changes to Portuguese Immigration Law – Here Is Everything You Need to Know

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Portugal is on the brink of some of the most significant overhauls to its immigration and nationality laws in decades. Though no legislation has been officially passed yet, a sweeping package of reforms was recently unveiled by the center-right government, and the implications are far-reaching for foreign residents, investors, and prospective citizens.

These proposals still require parliamentary approval and are subject to change, but here’s what we know so far.

1. A Longer Road to Citizenship

Perhaps the most headline-grabbing reform is the proposed extension of the legal residency period required for naturalization. Currently, most foreign nationals can apply for Portuguese citizenship after five years of legal residence. Under the new proposal, this would increase to 10 years for most applicants.

Exceptions are being made for citizens of Portuguese-speaking countries such as Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique, who would see the timeline extended to seven years.

In addition to the longer wait, applicants would need to meet stricter criteria. Besides demonstrating proficiency in the Portuguese language, candidates would be expected to prove their understanding of Portuguese culture, history, and democratic values. A personal declaration of commitment to the rule of law and democracy would also become mandatory.

Furthermore, naturalization would no longer be available to individuals with any effective prison sentence, which tightens the current rule that only disqualifies those sentenced to more than three years.

2. Citizenship Revocation and Criminal Convictions

Another controversial aspect of the proposal is a mechanism to strip citizenship from naturalised Portuguese citizens convicted of serious crimes. This measure would apply only to those naturalized for less than ten years and would be used as an accessory punishment following a court judgment.

According to the proposal, this would target crimes such as terrorism, homicide, and other severe offenses, and would require judicial oversight.

Critics have already raised questions about the constitutionality of this provision, though the government insists it complies with Portuguese and European legal frameworks.

3. Family Reunification – More Delays and Narrower Access

Proposed changes would also affect family reunification rights. Under the new rules, legal residents would need to live in Portugal for at least two years before applying to bring family members into the country.

Even then, the reunification would be limited to minor children. Requests for adult family members would only be considered if they are made from outside of Portugal. Applicants must also meet higher standards in terms of housing, income, and integration measures like language acquisition and school attendance. Only applicants considered as “highly skilled” may be waived of this requirement.

4. The End of Sephardic Jewish Naturalization

Another major shift involves the termination of the special naturalization regime for descendants of Sephardic Jews, a program established in 2013 to provide historical reparation for Jews expelled from Portugal in the 15th century.

While the program originally required only proof of descent, increasing scrutiny (especially after the high-profile case of Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich) led to tighter conditions. Now, the government has decided that the measure has fulfilled its historical purpose and will be phased out.

5. A New Path for Great-Grandchildren of Portuguese Nationals

At the same time as certain immigration rules are tightening, Portugal has also proposed extending citizenship eligibility to the great-grandchildren of Portuguese citizens born abroad. The current law allows such access only up to grandchildren and excludes many with deep ancestral ties to Portugal.

Officials say the change would particularly benefit communities in countries like Venezuela and the United States, where emigration from Portugal spans several generations.

6. Golden Visa Program: Still Safe For Now

With citizenship requirements tightening for most, what about Portugal’s famous Golden Visa? Experts say it appears to be largely unaffected for now.

While the new rules could theoretically extend the path to citizenship for investors to 10 years, the government has not confirmed any changes to the Golden Visa program itself, which operates under a separate legal framework.

In fact, Cabinet Minister António Leitão Amaro has hinted that the government intends to make the Golden Visa more attractive, possibly by introducing tax advantages or streamlining bureaucratic hurdles.

Stakeholders remain cautiously optimistic, though they stress the importance of continued dialogue with lawmakers to protect investor confidence and ensure legal predictability for applicants already in the system.

7. A “Green Way” for Researchers and Students

Not all the proposed changes involve tightening. The government has indicated plans to introduce a streamlined visa process (referred to as a “green way”) that targets foreign teachers, researchers, and students. This initiative would expedite entry procedures and ensure that Portugal remains attractive to academic talent despite broader restrictions.

8. CPLP Visas Now Require Consular Pre-Approval

Citizens from Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) (who previously could regularize their status within Portugal) would now need to apply for a residence visa through consular channels before arriving. This move aims to close loopholes that allowed individuals to bypass more traditional immigration controls.

Portugal’s Changing Political Climate

These proposed reforms come amid a broader European trend toward tighter immigration rules and rising populism. In Portugal, the far-right Chega party recently surged in national elections and became the second-largest force in Parliament. Citizenship reform was a central issue in its campaign, and it is expected to support the proposed legislation.

However, the passage of all of its laws is not guaranteed. Because the reforms require a two-thirds majority in Parliament, the government must secure broad political consensus. Experts note that no draft legislation has been published yet, and even if introduced, the law must undergo three readings, committee review, and final approval by the President of the Republic.

If signed, the new rules will be published in the official Diário da República and could come into effect within weeks. However, legal professionals caution that significant changes to the draft are likely during the legislative process.

Sign the Petition – Protect the Rights of Current Residents!

In light of the proposed changes to Portugal’s nationality law, a public petition is now calling for a transitional regime that would preserve the current five-year naturalization period for foreign residents who are already legally living in Portugal at the time the new legislation takes effect. The petition emphasizes key constitutional principles (such as legal trust, non-retroactivity, and equality) and argues that individuals who have built their lives around the existing rules should not be penalized mid-process. It highlights the social, economic, and humanitarian impact of abrupt changes, especially for families looking for long-term stability and integration. The proposal calls on lawmakers to uphold Portugal’s legal traditions and values by including transitional protections in any future reforms.

What Happens Next?

If adopted, these reforms would mark a profound shift in how Portugal defines national belonging and would prioritize cultural integration, legal compliance, and civic values. They also underscore the country’s delicate balancing act: maintaining an open, investor-friendly image while responding to domestic concerns about social cohesion and public services.

At this stage, nothing is set in stone. The proposals are still in early stages and must navigate Portugal’s legislative landscape. In the meantime, foreign residents, investors, and applicants should stay informed but hopefully remain cautiously optimistic that final measures may be more nuanced than currently outlined.

For now, it’s a waiting game. But one thing is clear: Portugal’s immigration and nationality laws are on the cusp of a major transformation.

New Alcohol Restrictions in Porto Aim to Curb Late-Night Disturbances

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Starting June 25, 2025, Porto will enforce new regulations that significantly tighten alcohol sales and public drinking rules across the city. These changes, part of the latest amendment to the Movida do Porto regulation, are intended to improve public safety, manage the growing nightlife scene, and curb disruptive drinking practices, particularly the widespread street gatherings known locally as botellons.

Under the updated rules, the sale of alcohol for public consumption will be prohibited citywide between 9:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. This measure applies across Porto and is not restricted to any single district. The only exceptions to this citywide ban will be on two major festival days: the night before St. John’s Day (June 23) and New Year’s Eve (December 31), when partying long into the night is perfectly acceptable and part of the cultural celebrations. 

The new framework also expands Porto’s designated Containment Zone, which now encompasses nearly the entire downtown area. Within this zone, alcohol sales after 9:00 p.m. will be limited strictly to specific types of venues, namely cafes, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs. Retail establishments such as supermarkets, convenience stores, wine shops, and souvenir stalls will not be permitted to sell alcohol after this time.

Changes to Operating Hours

Alongside the restrictions on alcohol sales, the revised regulation introduces limitations on the operating hours of outdoor terraces (esplanadas) within the Containment Zone. However, there are built-in allowances for flexibility depending on the exact location, specifically the Movida Core, the Protected Zone, and the broader Containment Zone. This approach aims to balance business interests with community well-being.

A notable aspect of the new regulation is its emphasis on enforcement and accountability. Authorities have introduced a revised sanctioning framework with significantly stronger penalties for non-compliance. Establishments found violating the rules may face immediate closure if their actions are deemed to compromise public safety or disrupt the neighborhood’s comfort. In addition to this preventive closure mechanism, temporary shutdowns may also be imposed as a supplementary sanction.

Officials noted that previous enforcement measures, primarily in the form of fines, had not been effective deterrents. Repeated offenders often accepted the fines as a cost of doing business and continued to flout the rules with little regard for long-term consequences. With the new regulatory tools, including the possibility of denying extended hours to establishments with a history of infractions, Porto’s city government hopes to foster a more responsible and respectful nightlife culture.

The revised rules were shaped through a public consultation period held between April 9 and May 23, culminating in their approval at a council meeting on June 2. City officials argue that the amendments are a necessary adaptation to the changing nightlife dynamics in Porto. Without proper regulation, they warn, the character of the Movida Zone and its surrounding neighborhoods could be degraded, which could impact both the city’s image and quality of life for residents.

Awareness Campaign Will Be Launched

To ensure a smooth rollout of the new measures, the municipality has also announced an awareness campaign aimed at both the public and local businesses. Officials believe that these efforts will benefit not just residents who have expressed concerns about noise and disturbances, but also the local business community advocating for a safer and calmer environment in the major tourist areas at night.

As these rules take effect, they signal a broader shift in how Porto manages its identity as a tourist-friendly yet livable city. The bottom line is: you can still have a great night out in Porto but it will no longer come at the cost of the well-being of the community. 

Lisbon’s Best Hidden Speakeasies

Lisbon’s speakeasy scene has exploded in recent years offering hidden bars with creative cocktails, discrete entrances, and curated concepts that provide endless entertainment. Wander Chiado to Príncipe Real, to Campo de Ourique and beyond to discover these venues hiding in plain sight. Ring the bell, secure a reservation, or make sure you know the password to get into each unmarked location and soon enough you’ll be sharing the secrets with other lovers of Lisbon! 

1. Sneaky Sip 

Address: R. Gustavo de Matos Sequeira 42A 

Hours: Monday-Thursday, 7:00 PM-1:00 AM, Friday-Saturday, 7:00 PM-2:00 AM

Sneaky Sip takes secrecy seriously. To enter, you need to check their Instagram page to get the password (@sneakysiplisbon). A vintage photo booth is part of its entrance. Located in the Príncipe Real neighborhood in a neon-lit basement that holds up to 50 people, the cocktail menu of inventive drinks uses ingredients like anchovy, duck fat, garlic, cheese, and mustard. The menu is in English and Portuguese and the friendly mixologists will endure that you have adventurous time underground in one of Lisbon’s trendiest areas.

2. Red Frog 

Address: Praça da Alegria 66b 

Hours: Tuesday-Friday, 6:00 PM-1:00 AM

Red Frog is an upscale speakeasy that requires a reservation. Cancellation or a change in the booking is free of charge if done more than 24 hours in advance. Red Frog made the World’s 50 Best Bars in 2022 and treats to plush seating and a classic prohibition feel in a small side room. The talented bartenders craft twists on classics such as the Mediterranean‑inspired “American Gangster,” umami Sazerac, or Basil Smash. Please note that you only have a 1.5 hour time limit for your stay.

3. Toca da Raposa 

Address: R. da Condessa 45 

Hours: Open Every Day, 6:00 PM-2:00 AM

Toca da Raposa opened in 2018 under bartender‑designer Constança Cordeiro, and, ok, it’s technically not a speakeasy, but it has speakeasy vibes as the entrance is quite hidden and once you’re inside, you definitely feel like you’re in an underground cave with concrete walls, velvet seating, and a pink‑stone bar. The drinks are each represented by cartoon animals using foraged, seasonal Portuguese ingredients all crafted in‑house. The menu changes regularly, and the non-alcoholic beverages are just as interesting as the alcoholic options. 

4. The Secret Poet’s Society 

Address: Tv. do Carmo 4 

Hours: Wednesday-Saturday, 7:00 AM-1:00 AM, Sunday, 7:00 PM-2:00 AM

The Secret Poet’s Society takes visitors on a unique journey as soon as they enter the bar and walk down the spiral staircase. Simply ring the bell and you’re in! The owner Lucas ensures that guests have an unforgettable time as he uses acting and poetry as the inspiration for his cocktails and throws in everything from peanuts and coffee to white chocolate. We encourage you to try the “I Hear America Singing” cocktail and are fairly certain that you won’t want to leave this cozy bar that is one part art, one part science, and one part one of a kind. 

5. Corkies Speakeasy

Address: R. da Bica de Duarte Belo 51A 

Hours: Monday, 7:00 AM-2:00 AM, Thursday-Saturday, 7:00 PM-2:00 AM, Sunday, 9:00 PM-2:00 AM 

Like the Secret Poet’s Society, which is a kind of sister bar, Corkies Speakeasy welcomes visitors by ringing the bell. This cozy bar is laidback and happy to cater to your tastes and “vibe mix” your drinks to your liking. Soft music, warm staff, and artful cocktails define the experience. Once you step inside, it’s truly like entering your own magical little world that you won’t soon want to leave. Try the coffee and coconut cocktail or, if you’re brave, perhaps the Negroni with blue cheese.

6. Ruby Rosa

Address: R. dos Sapateiros 158 

Hours: Open Every Day, 3:00 PM-Midnight

Ruby Rosa is a hidden rooftop bar that gives you views of Lisbon so beautiful that they almost look like a painting, even at night. To each Ruby Rosa, take the elevator to the 5th floor and then walk up two flights of stairs. The large drinks menu is all contained in a creative book that presents all the options. The jewel‑box décor features mirrored walls and a 360° terrace that offers sweeping city and river views. Bear in mind that the drinks are on the pricey side and the menu doesn’t offer much in the way of non-alcoholic options. 

7. The Front Bar

Address: Praça das Flores 44 45 R/C

Hours: Tuesday-Saturday, 7:00 AM-2:00 AM

The Front Bar is part Italian bistro/part hidden speakeasy bar. Enjoy the food at the front and the bar through the silver door that leads down a dim corridor into a mafia-inspired intimate lounge with vinyl on the shelves. Unlike most speakeasies on our list, The Front really can satisfy both your drink AND food cravings. Try the shrimp katsu and pistachio pasta first and then finish in the back room with some delicious sparkling wine. 

8. Foxtrot

Address: Tv. Santa Teresa 28 

Hours: Monday-Thursday, 6:00 PM-2:00 AM, Friday-Saturday, 6:00 AM-3:00 AM 

To begin your Foxtrot, you first need to ring the bell to enter one of four Art-Deco inspired rooms in this hidden São Bento bar that has been serving Lisbon clientele for almost four decades. In the winter, you can enjoy your cocktails by the fireplace while in the summer, you can order a cocktail on the patio. Our favorite drinks include a smoked Negroni and the Castelo de São Jorge with whiskey, honey, and cardamom syrup. The food here is also delicious so prepare to settle in for the night.

9. Procópio 

Address: Alto de São Francisco 21 

Hours: Monday-Friday, 7:00 PM-2:00 AM, Saturday, 8:00 AM-2:00 AM 

Procópio is under the same management as Foxtrot and exudes the same vintage charm. To enter, you need to knock or ring the bell, although you will know the bar is open as you approach in the summer if you see people sitting just in front of the entrance. This is the kind of place you will want to sink down into, however, as the interior features dark wood paneling, red‑velvet seating, Art Nouveau lamps, and an antique piano. Drinks focus on Portuguese staples including amarguinha, ginjinha, Port, and craft beer. Try the cocktail named after the bar and let it shock you with its green cherry. Once we tried it, we couldn’t forget it. You won’t soon be able to forget this bar either. 

10. Park Rooftop

Address: Calçada do Combro 58 

Hours: Monday-Thursday, 4:00 PM-2:00 AM, Friday-Saturday, 2:00 PM-2:00 AM, Sunday, 12:00 PM-8:00 PM 

This is one of that speakeasies that is not so much about knowing how to get in but knowing where the bar is. Once you know, it’s just a matter of climbing the stairs all the way to the rooftop, where you’ll be treated to a lively crowd of both locals and tourists enjoying the views and the still relatively affordable prices. This is more a beer and wine place than a creative cocktail locale, but it’s a fun location that is best for an early-mid afternoon stop before it gets hard to find a seat. If you can manage, come early and stay for the sunset. The sangria will always be flowing.

Final Thoughts

Lisbon has even more speakeasies (of course!), but we didn’t want to spill all of her secrets all at once! Follow the protocol carefully and you can discover the best hidden places in Lisbon, a city that truly does keep all its best surprises behind dilapidated doors or down narrow alleys. Take your time, enjoy the journey, and share your favorite speakeasy with us. Saúde! 

Tracing Portugal’s Muslim Influence and Cultural Legacy

The story of Portugal’s Islamic past is one of profound cultural exchange, scientific advancement, and religious coexistence that spanned nearly eight centuries. While modern Portugal is predominantly Catholic, its identity bears the indelible marks of Islamic civilization that once flourished within its borders. This rich historical tapestry, often overlooked in contemporary narratives, reveals how Muslim rule helped shape the nation’s language, architecture, and cultural traditions.

The Islamic Era Begins

In the 8th century, Muslim forces sailed from North Africa and established control over what would become modern-day Portugal and Spain. This region, known in Arabic as Al-Andalus, became part of the expanding Umayyad Empire. Under Muslim governance, the territory experienced a remarkable period of prosperity, intellectual advancement, and cultural flowering. By the 10th century, historical records suggest that approximately half of the Iberian Peninsula’s population had embraced Islam, indicating the deep integration of Islamic culture into local society.

Al Ándalus in 732, Wikimedia Commons

Rather than a simple military conquest, the spread of Islamic influence throughout the region was largely facilitated through trade, cultural exchange, and gradual social transformation. The Muslim rulers often offered generous terms of surrender to local populations, which helped explain their rapid and relatively peaceful expansion across most of the territory. This approach fostered an environment where Muslims, Christians, and Jews could coexist and contribute to a thriving society.

Cultural and Scientific Achievements

Under Muslim rule, the region became a center of learning and innovation. Islamic scholars preserved and built upon classical knowledge while making significant advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and navigation. These scientific developments would later prove crucial to Portugal’s maritime endeavors during the Age of Discovery. Ironically, even Vasco da Gama’s famous voyage to India, celebrated in Portuguese history, reportedly relied on the expertise of Muslim pilots and Islamic navigational techniques.

Engraving of Abū Sahl al-Qūhī’s perfect compass to draw conic sections, Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, Wikimedia Commons

Arabic’s Linguistic Influence on Portuguese

Perhaps one of the most enduring influences of Islamic civilization in Portugal can be found in the Portuguese language itself. Arabic has left an indelible mark on Portuguese vocabulary, with thousands of words tracing their origins to Arabic roots. The Portuguese expression “oxalá” (meaning “hopefully” or “God willing”) comes directly from the Arabic “inshallah.” Common Portuguese words with Arabic origins include:

Aldeia (village) from Arabic “al-day’a”

Alfaiate (tailor) from “al-khayyat”

Açúcar (sugar) from “al-sukkar”

Algarve (Portugal’s southernmost region) from “al-gharb” meaning “the west”

Azeitona (olive) from “al-zaytuna”

The word for olive in Portuguese derives from Arabic, DepositPhotos.com

The End of Muslim Rule and Its Aftermath

The Christian “Reconquista” gradually pushed southward, with the last Muslim stronghold in Portugal, Faro, falling to King Afonso III in 1249. However, this did not immediately end the Muslim presence in Portugal. Many Muslims remained in segregated neighborhoods, continuing to contribute to society until 1496, when King Manuel I issued an edict ordering the expulsion of both Muslims and Jews from the kingdom.

This forced exodus marked a significant turning point in Portuguese history. While some Muslims converted to Christianity, most fled to North Africa. The attempt to create a purely Christian kingdom led to the destruction or conversion of mosques and other Islamic buildings, and a deliberate effort to minimize the significance of Portugal’s Islamic period in historical narratives.

The medieval cathedral of Faro, Abrget47j, Wikimedia Commons

Archaeological Revelations

Modern archaeological discoveries, particularly in the town of Mértola, have helped reconstruct a more accurate picture of Portugal’s Islamic past. The town’s church, with its distinctive horseshoe arches and mihrab (prayer niche) behind the main altar, shows the architectural evolution from Roman temple to mosque to Christian church. Such findings challenge simplified narratives of conflict and conquest and reveal a complex history of cultural integration and coexistence. 

Old Mosque in Mértola, Alentejo converted into a Catholic church after the Reconquista

Contemporary Portugal is gradually rediscovering and acknowledging its Islamic heritage. Scholars and researchers have documented extensive Islamic influences in Portuguese architecture from the distinctive chimneys of the Algarve region that resemble minarets to the intricate geometric patterns in traditional tile work. This influence extends to culinary traditions, agricultural practices, and various aspects of daily life that have persisted through centuries.

Conclusion

Understanding Portugal’s Islamic past is crucial to foster cultural understanding in the present day. While Muslims now comprise less than 0.5% of Portugal’s population of 11 million, the country’s Islamic heritage remains an integral part of its cultural DNA. This legacy serves as a reminder of how different religious and cultural communities can coexist and contribute to a society’s development. This offers valuable lessons for contemporary discussions about cultural identity and religious diversity.

As Portugal continues to grapple with questions of national identity in an increasingly globalized world, its Islamic heritage provides important insights into the complex nature of cultural exchange and the artificial nature of rigid divisions between European and Islamic civilizations. The rediscovery of this shared past offers opportunities for building bridges of understanding in the present and demonstrates how cultural influences persist long after political changes have reshaped borders and societies.

Frequently Asked Questions About Portugal’s Muslim Past

1. How long did Muslims rule Portugal?

Muslim presence in what is now Portugal lasted approximately five centuries, from the early 8th century until the completion of the Christian reconquest in 1249. However, Muslim communities continued to live in Portugal until their expulsion in 1496. The total period of Muslim presence in Portugal amounts to nearly eight centuries.

2. Why isn’t Portugal’s Muslim heritage more widely known?

After the Christian reconquest and particularly during Portugal’s authoritarian Estado Novo regime (1933-1974), historical narratives emphasized Portugal’s Catholic identity and minimized the significance of its Muslim period. School curricula traditionally focused more on the Christian reconquest than on the centuries of Muslim rule and the cultural achievements of that era. This perspective is gradually changing as historians and archaeologists uncover and share more evidence about this important period.

3. Were Muslims forcibly converted to Christianity?

When King Manuel I issued the expulsion edict in 1496, Muslims were given three options: convert to Christianity, leave Portugal, or face the death penalty. Unlike the Jewish population, who were largely forced to convert and stay, most Muslims were allowed to leave Portugal and many relocated to North Africa. The different treatment was likely due to concerns about potential retaliation from powerful Muslim states.

4. What architectural evidence of Muslim rule remains in Portugal?

While many mosques were converted to churches or destroyed, several buildings still show Islamic architectural influences. The most notable example is in Mértola, where the main church was originally a mosque and retains its mihrab (prayer niche) and horseshoe arches. Islamic influence can also be seen in decorative tiles (azulejos), castle architecture, and even in traditional Algarve chimneys that resemble minarets.

5. How did Muslim rule affect Portugal’s development?

Muslim rule brought significant advances in agriculture, introducing new irrigation techniques and crops like rice, sugarcane, and citrus fruits. They also contributed to developments in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and navigation. The Islamic period saw the growth of urban centers and the establishment of administrative systems that influenced later Portuguese governance.

6. Did Muslims, Christians, and Jews really coexist peacefully?

Historical evidence suggests that, for much of the Islamic period, there was relative tolerance and cooperation between different religious communities. This period of convivencia (coexistence) allowed for cultural and intellectual exchange, though religious communities often lived in separate neighborhoods and maintained their distinct identities. However, this period of coexistence ended with the forced conversions and expulsions of 1496.

7. How many Portuguese words come from Arabic?

Studies have identified thousands of Portuguese words with Arabic origins. These include everyday terms for food, agriculture, administration, and commerce. Some estimates suggest there are more than 19,000 Portuguese words and expressions that can trace their etymology to Arabic roots!

8. Were the Muslims who ruled Portugal Arabs?

The Muslim population in medieval Portugal was diverse. While the ruling elite often had Arab origins, many were Berbers from North Africa. Additionally, a significant portion of the Muslim population consisted of local Iberians who had converted to Islam. This diversity contributed to the rich cultural synthesis that characterized the period.

9. What impact did Muslim rule have on Portuguese science and education?

Islamic civilization brought significant advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and other sciences. Muslim rulers established libraries and centers of learning where scholars of different faiths could study and translate texts. This intellectual heritage later contributed to Portugal’s maritime achievements during the Age of Discovery.

10. Are there any Muslim festivals or traditions that survived in Portuguese culture?

While most explicitly Islamic traditions disappeared after the expulsion, some cultural practices with Muslim origins survived in modified forms. These can be seen in certain traditional foods, music, agricultural practices, and local festivities, particularly in southern Portugal where Islamic influence was strongest and lasted the longest.

The Central Mosque of Lisbon, Manuelvbotelho, Wikimedia Commons

Let’s Take a Walk Around Rossio: The Beating Heart of Lisbon

Rossio Square, officially known as Praça de Dom Pedro IV, stands as the beating heart of Lisbon, a magnificent stage where centuries of Portuguese history have unfolded. This iconic square has witnessed royal proclamations, political revolutions, public executions, and countless everyday moments that define the soul of the Portuguese capital. It’s also where I first stayed in Lisbon and holds a special place in my own heart because of it.

A walk around Rossio and its surrounding historic landmarks takes you on an intimate journey through time – from medieval fortresses to Belle Époque cafés, neoclassical theaters, and even a historic geographical society.

This carefully curated walking tour will guide you through approximately 3-4 hours of discovery (depending on how long you choose to linger) and covers roughly 3-4 kilometers of Lisbon’s most historically significant areas. The route is designed to be leisurely and allow you time to absorb the rich history, enjoy traditional Portuguese cuisine, and experience the timeless atmosphere that makes Rossio one of Lisbon’s most storied places.

Note: We decided not to include addresses in this article. Use Google or Apple Maps to help navigate your way. Also, to be able to do this entire tour, you will need to go between Wednesday-Friday to catch everything open!

1. Starting Point – Rossio Square (Praça de Dom Pedro IV)

Begin your historic journey at the center of Rossio Square itself standing beneath the towering column of Dom Pedro IV. This grand square, paved with distinctive black and white limestone in wave-like patterns, has served as Lisbon’s main square since medieval times. The beautiful calçada portuguesa beneath your feet creates an optical illusion of movement. It represents the waves of the sea that brought Portuguese explorers to distant lands.

The square measures approximately 180 meters by 35 meters and has been the site of countless historical events. During the Inquisition, it hosted public executions and auto-da-fé ceremonies. Ponder that for a moment as you contrast it with the peace of today.

Later, it became the stage for political rallies, celebrations, and the daily commerce that defined Lisbon life. The central column, erected in 1870, honors Dom Pedro IV, who was also Emperor Pedro I of Brazil. This symbolizes the deep connections between Portugal and its former colonies.

Take a moment to observe the surrounding architecture. The north side features the magnificent Dona Maria II National Theater, while the south opens toward the Tagus River and the Lower Town (Baixa). The distinctive yellow buildings with their white trim represent the architectural reconstruction following the devastating 1755 earthquake that destroyed much of medieval Lisbon.

Just a brief 2-minute walk brings us to one of Rossio’s oldest and most atmospheric cafés.

2. Café Nicola 

Café Nicola (Praça Dom Pedro IV 24), which opened in 1787, has plenty of literary and political lore. It was a haunt of Ricardo Reis, one of Fernando Pessoa’s heteronyms, and a meeting point for revolutionary intellectuals in the 19th century. Its mint‑green woodwork, gilded mirrors, and vaulted ceiling have witnessed the rise and fall of empires—and remain almost unchanged. Order a bica (strong espresso) here and imagine the secret deals and poetry readings once conducted at your table.

From there, we walk three minutes to a more modest—but no less iconic—establishment.

Café Nicola, Wikimedia Commons

3. A Ginjinha 

“A Ginjinha” (or “Ginjinha Sem Rival”) is the quintessential one-step bar built around a centuries-old cherry‑liquor tradition. Since 1840, locals have lined up to sip ginjinha, a sweet sour cherry liqueur. It is traditionally served in small chocolate-spoon-rimmed glasses. The mismatched stools, tin roof, and handwritten menu recall an old‑world authenticity. The patient servers make this a quick yet memorable stop before we head to the next venue just a two-minute walk away. 

4. Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II 

Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II crowns the northern side of Rossio with neoclassical grandeur. Built in 1842 on the site of the Royal Custom House, the theatre is fronted by a Doric portico and adorned with statues of the Muses. Inside, a lush horseshoe‑shaped auditorium hosts Portugal’s national drama ensemble. The theatre’s namesake, Queen Maria II, reigned during a turbulent constitutional era and championed the arts. Successive renovations restored war‑damaged frescos and special Art Nouveau touches. This has preserved the interesting blend of 19th and early 20th‑century aesthetics.

Since the mid‑1800s, performers have taken the stage for premieres of major plays, orchestral concerts, and political declarations, which makes the Teatro Nacional a civic symbol as much as a cultural one. The Teatro experienced a devastating fire in 1964 but was later completely restored by 1978.

Note: As of this writing, it is still being refurbished, so you can only take a look from the outside.

Now, let’s walk two minutes to our next stop, Palácio da Independência.

Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II in the background behind the column, Bznein, Wikimedia Commons

5. Palácio da Independência 

Directly behind the Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II stands Palácio da Independência. Built in 1870 as the headquarters of the Portuguese Supreme Court, its façade combines neoclassical symmetry and Second Empire flair, crowned by allegorical statues of Justice. Located on the same site as the former Convent of Nossa Senhora da Conceição, parts of which date back to the 16th century, the palace has had many a legal debate that shaped constitutional law within its walls – from the First Portuguese Republic to the Estado Novo dictatorship and into today’s democratic era.

Now, the inside of the building is a bit run down and the area to explore is small, but the part that this palace has played in history is undeniable. 

The palace is open from 10:00 AM-6:00 PM from Monday-Friday.

From here, it’s a 4-minute walk to one of Lisbon’s most historic hotels.

6. Hotel Mundial

Heading southeast toward Martim Moniz, we reach the Hotel Mundial, which opened in 1958 and became Lisbon’s tallest building at the time. Though modern in appearance, the hotel incorporates Moorish‑inspired arches and tiled decoration on its lower levels—an homage to Portugal’s Islamic heritage. The rooftop bar also offers one of the city’s best 360° views.

The hotel has hosted musicians, diplomats, and writers. It may not looks so fancy today compared to the wealth of boutique hotels constructed over the last 30 years, but it’s worth a peek in or a drink on the roof to appreciate its history.

Now, it’s a 5-minute walk to one of our most beautiful stops today.

7. Casa do Alentejo 

Just a few blocks away is the hidden gem Casa do Alentejo, a palace‑turned‑cultural institution celebrating the traditions of Portugal’s Alentejo region. In 1930, Alentejo immigrants in Lisbon acquired a neglected early‑20th‑century mansion in the Moorish Revival style. Today, visitors cross into an opulent courtyard lined with horseshoe arches, intricate azulejos (tiles), carved woodwork, and a courtyard restaurant occasionally accompanied by fado. The upstairs halls host exhibitions, lectures, and regional wine tastings, which pays tribute to the rich land that gave this “Casa” its name. I once attended a birthday party here in the grand ballroom on the second floor and it truly felt like we had stepped back into a 19th century novel. 

It’s worth having lunch or dinner here in the restaurant inside the Casa do Alentejo. The restaurant is open every day from 12:00 PM-4:00 PM and 7:00 PM-11:00 PM.

Walk just one minute down the road to the Geographic Society of Lisbon (Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa)

Casa do Alentejo, Vitor Oliveira, Flickr

8. Museum of the Geographical Society of Lisbon 

A very short walk brings you to the Museum of the Geographical Society of Lisbon (Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa), which was founded in 1875 and is closely linked to Portugal’s Age of Empire and its discoveries. The society was akin to the London or French geographic societies and served as a meeting point for explorers, colonists, and academics. You wouldn’t know that this place is anything is special from the outside, but, once you’re inside, you will find ornate wood-paneled halls, framed maps, antique globes, and explorers’ journals – along with a classic library. A small exhibition illustrates Portugal’s role in mapping Angola, Mozambique, Timor, and Brazil.

Though Portugal’s empire has faded, the Society maintains archives, lectures, and student outreach. 

The museum is open from 9:30 AM-5:00 PM from Monday-Friday.

Walk one minute behind the Geographic Society of Lisbon and you can see the Coliseu dos Recreios. 

Inside the entrance to the Museum of the Geographical Society of Lisbon, Photo by Becky Gillespie

9. Coliseu dos Recreios 

Literally around the corner stands the Coliseu dos Recreios, inaugurated in 1890 as Lisbon’s premier indoor arena. Designed by architect José Luís Monteiro, who also created Rossio Station (our next stop), the Coliseu combines iron‑frame engineering with Neoclassical façades. Over its 130‑year life, it has hosted bullfights, boxing matches, operas, circuses, and rock concerts. Notable artists from Maria Callas to the Rolling Stones have appeared on its stage.

Its democratic atmosphere with cheap bleacher tickets available along with VIP balconies demonstrates Lisbon’s ability to host both high culture and popular spectacle under the same roof.

Walk five minutes back towards where we started today and you will reach one of the most impressive buildings of our tour today – Rossio Station.

10. Rossio Station 

And now for Lisbon’s most gorgeous train station! Rossio Station was built between 1886 and 1890 and represents the height of Portuguese Romantic architecture.

The station’s neo-Manueline façade, inspired by Portugal’s 16th-century architectural style, creates a dramatic contrast with the Pombaline architecture surrounding Rossio Square. The elaborate stonework, which features maritime motifs, twisted columns, and ornate portals, celebrates Portugal’s Age of Discovery and maritime history.

Designed by architect José Luís Monteiro, the station demonstrates how late 19th-century Portuguese architects drew inspiration from their nation’s golden age while incorporating modern engineering for railway transport. The building’s twin horseshoe arches create a Moorish influence that acknowledges Portugal’s complex cultural heritage.

Inside, the station maintains its period character while also being a modern train station. Its most popular route is the connection to Sintra, one of Portugal’s most romantic and historically significant towns. The 40-minute train journey to Sintra passes through landscapes that have inspired poets, artists, and royalty for centuries. Be ready to get your seat because this is VERY popular with tourists and fills up fast.

One of our biggest walks today will be the 15-minute up a few sets of stairs to a beautiful view and a café break (we promise you, the view is worth it!).

Rossio Train Station exterior, Jorge Franganillo, Wikimedia Commons

11. Café da Garagem 

We are now going to go up a steep hill and some big sets of stairs, but we promise you it’s going to be worth it. Here, hidden in a former garage, is Café da Garagem (Costa do Castelo 75), a bohemian rooftop retreat and cultural club. Housed in a concrete‑walled space with scrap‑metal décor, Café da Garagem hosts alternative music, film screenings, poetry readings, and art exhibitions. A shimmering view of the castle and city below makes it a favorite among locals (and now tourists as well, as there is often a line outside waiting for a seat). You will need to go downstairs past the theater’s reception to reach the café and that beautiful view. If there is a line, it will start outside, but if there is no line, head straight downstairs to enjoy. We recommend the chocolate cake! 

The museum is open from 10:30 AM-9:00 PM from Wednesday-Sunday.

Note: this is not the best place for a sunset view. 

Now that you’ve had a nice little break, it’s time for the ultimate view from Lisbon’s highest hill, a 10‑minute uphill climb to Sao Jorge Castle.

12. São Jorge Castle 

São Jorge Castle, set majestically on Lisbon’s highest hill, offers perhaps the most spectacular panoramic views of the city and the Tagus River. This ancient fortress has served as a royal palace, military barracks, and now as a museum and viewpoint that attracts over one million visitors annually.

The castle’s history stretches back over 1,000 years. Archaeological evidence suggests a fortified settlement existed here during the Iron Age, around the 6th century BC. The Moors expanded and reinforced the fortifications in the 11th century, which created much of the basic structure visible today. When Portuguese forces, led by King Afonso Henriques, conquered Lisbon in 1147 during the Second Crusade, the castle became the royal residence and remained so until the 16th century.

The castle grounds cover approximately 6,000 square meters and include eleven towers, defensive walls, and the ruins of the former royal palace. The most impressive section is the citadel (alcáçova), where the royal family lived during the medieval period. The Tower of Ulysses houses a camera obscura that provides a unique 360-degree view of the city through a system of lenses and mirrors.

Walking along the castle walls offers multiple perspectives of Lisbon’s geography and urban development. To the south, the Tagus River spreads wide toward the Atlantic and showcases the natural harbor that made Lisbon a crucial port for centuries. To the north and west, the seven hills of Lisbon create a dramatic cityscape of red-tiled roofs, church spires, and modern buildings.

The castle’s peacocks, descendants of birds kept here since the mid-20th century, add an unexpected touch of exotic beauty to the medieval setting. These magnificent birds roam freely throughout the grounds. 

Sao Jorge Castle. Photo by Susanne Nilsson (Flickr)

Pro Tip: Skip the Line Before making this climb, purchase your São Jorge Castle tickets online. This simple step will save you significant time, as the castle is one of Lisbon’s most popular attractions and the line for tickets can take over an hour, especially during peak tourist seasons. 

The castle is open every day from 9:00 AM-9:00 PM.

Conclusion

We hope you enjoyed this historic walk through Lisbon’s cafés, train stations, castles,  palaces, and theaters, all within a relatively small area!  

The walk’s total distance of approximately 3-4 kilometers and 3-4 hours of exploration provides an intimate understanding of how different historical periods layer upon each other in this remarkable city. Each landmark tells part of Lisbon’s story, but together they create a comprehensive portrait of a city that has experienced triumph, disaster, conquest, and revolution.

As you complete this walk at the top of São Jorge Castle, you’ll have experienced the full spectrum of Lisbon’s historical development.