Last Sunday, the Portuguese Embassy in Tehran asked all Portuguese nationals in Iran to leave the country due to the increasing regional tensions and related security risks.
Last week, as tensions in the Middle East continued to escalate, Israeli forces killed the leader of Hamas on Iranian soil, in Tehran, and the Lebanese group, Hezbollah, has promised retaliation. Subsequently, Tel Aviv, through the Minister of Defense, Yoav Gallant, affirmed that anyone who dares to attack Israel will pay a very heavy price.
Several countries have publicly and explicitly expressed their concerns regarding this escalation. The fear is that it will further intensify the conflict and lead to more military action.
With the Iranian airspace possibly closing and many airlines already canceling their flights, the Portuguese Embassy in Tehran advises Portuguese nationals to leave the country as soon as possible.
For those who cannot or will not leave, the Embassy urges them not to travel, especially to specific zones like the borders with Afghanistan and Iraq, not to take photos, videos, or show any signs of protest, and to stay away from public spaces.
Note that, according to the Embassy’s website, all external communications (with those outside of Iran) are restricted, and social media is blocked.
Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian was one of the wealthiest men of the early 20th century and moved to Portugal during the middle of World War II. When he died in 1955, he left nearly his entire fortune to a foundation to be headquartered under his name in Lisbon. Here are nine incredible facts about this one-of-a-kind individual whose foundation continues to fund arts and culture to this day in Portugal.
1. Gulbenkian was born into a successful Armenian family.
Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian was born on March 23, 1869, in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) to an Armenian family. His father and uncle ran an import/export business trading carpets, wool, and kerosene from the Caucasus. By the time Calouste was 23, the family business had joined a network of family-based trading partnerships across the Ottoman Empire. Even before Calouste was born, the family supported the construction of schools, churches, and hospitals.
Calouste Gulbenkian, age 3, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons
2. Calouste Gulbenkian bridged East and West through his business.
Gulbenkian was highly educated. He studied engineering at King’s College London, graduating in 1887, and later pursued further studies in petroleum engineering in Baku, Azerbaijan, one of the early centers of the oil industry. His fluency in Armenian, French, and English helped him in his negotiations with diplomats around the world.
Gulbenkian in 1889 at the age of 20, newly graduated from King’s College, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons
3. He realized the potential of oil in the Middle East early on.
Gulbenkian played a crucial role in the development of the Middle Eastern oil industry. He brokered the landmark 1907 agreement that led to the formation of the Royal Dutch Shell company, becoming one of the first to realize the vast potential of Middle Eastern oil reserves. Gulbenkian was the driving force behind the creation of the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC) in 1912, which was a consortium of the largest European oil companies aiming to gain the rights for oil exploration and development of the Ottoman Territory of Mesopotamia.
4. His nickname is “ Five Percent.”
Gulbenkian earned his nickname, “Mr. Five Percent,” by securing a 5% share in almost all major oil companies in the Middle East, including the Turkish Petroleum Company. This strategic move made him an immensely wealthy man and a key player in the global oil market. He famously stated, “”Better a small piece of a big pie, than a big piece of a small one.”
5. He had one of the most impressive art collections in the world.
Gulbenkian was an avid art collector. His collection included over 6,000 works by Rembrandt, Monet, Renoir, and Degas, among others. Today, his extensive art collection is housed in the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum in Lisbon, which attracts art enthusiasts from around the world. We recommend that you visit just for the René Lalique collection alone.
A piece in the Réne Lalique room at the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, Photo by Becky Gillespie
6. He was truly a citizen of the world.
Throughout his life, Gulbenkian lived in multiple countries, including Turkey, France, the United Kingdom, and Portugal. His cosmopolitan lifestyle and ability to adapt to different cultures contributed to his success as an international businessman.
7. He had diplomatic and negotiation skills like no other.
Gulbenkian’s negotiations and diplomatic skills were legendary. He was able to navigate the complex political and economic landscapes of his time, forging partnerships and agreements that benefited all parties involved. He became the financial and economic adviser to the Turkish embassies in London and Paris, and later, chief financial adviser to the Turkish government and a director of the National Bank of Turkey.
When the Ottoman Empire was being dismantled, Gulbenkian was right at the center of negotiations for which companies could invest in the Turkish Petroleum Company. As part of the deal, Gulbenkian secured 5% rights for himself.
8. Once he moved to Portugal, he never left again.
In 1942, in the middle of World War II, Gulbenkian fled from France to Portugal, where he lived in a luxurious suite in the Aziz Hotel in Lisbon until his death in 1955. He became a naturalized Portuguese citizen and later received the Grand Cross of the Order of Christ from the Portuguese government for his services to the country.
Gulbenkian’s home on 51 Avenue d’Iéna in Paris, where he kept most of his art, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons
9. Upon his death, he left most of his fortune to Portugal
When Gulbenkian died, his fortune was estimated to be between US$280 million and US$840 million. In his will, he left his art collection and the majority of his fortune to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, which was mandated to be set up after his death and be dedicated to the promotion of the arts, philanthropy, science, and education.
Today, it is one of the wealthiest charitable foundations in the world and hosts numerous initiatives and institutions and initiatives including the Gulbenkian Commission, the Gulbenkian Science Institute, the Gulbenkian Prizes, and the Gulbenkian Orchestra, which is next to the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum in Lisbon.
Calouste Gulbenkian Museum. Photo by Rui Alves (Unsplash)
Never forgetting his Armenian legacy, Gulbenkian gave back to Armenian communities worldwide throughout his life. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation’s Armenian Communities Department distributes scholarships to Armenian students pursuing their education all over the world. The Foundation also supports the preservation of the Armenian language as well as Armenian societies and culture.
Final Thoughts
Calouste Gulbenkian played a pivotal role in the 20th century through his work in the oil industry. His life was marked by keen business acumen, philanthropy, and a passion for art and culture. Without the German invasion of France in WWII and Portugal’s neutrality, the Gulbenkian name would likely never have become part of Portuguese history. Today, it is an indelible part of Portugal’s legacy
Portugal’s history as an official country stretches back almost 900 years, and a study in 2020 revealed that modern humans settled in what is now central Portugal as far back as 41,000 years ago! This long history resulted in entrenched agricultural methods with food preparation passing from generation to generation and perfecting the art of certain practices over time. Portugal’s most famous food – the pastel de nata – was created before the 18th century by Catholic monks in Lisbon’s Jerónimos Monastery. As of 2021, Portugal had 94 food and drink products granted a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Let’s look at 9 of the best Portuguese foods and dishes with PDO status that are still under the radar compared to bacalhau and francesinha. You may want to take some home with you on your next trip to Portugal!
1. Ameixa d’Elvas (Elvas Plums)
The Ameixa d’Elvas is a green, oval-shaped plum known locally as Abrunho. It is believed that it came from France and has been popular since the time of Prince Alphonse Henry, the first king of Portugal. In 1834, José Guerra began to grow these plums on a large scale. Ameixa plums won a bronze medal at the 1855 Paris Exhibition, and, by 1875, they started being exported around the world. In just under 150 years, the Elvas plums have received 203 international and national prizes. Give them a try on your next trip to Portugal and then bring some jarred plums home with you!
Try to find this can of plums in a Portuguese supermarket for that perfect plum accompaniment to the sericaia, Photo by Becky Gillespie
2. Azeite de Moura (Moura Olive Oil)
“Azeite de Moura” is a distinguished extra-virgin and virgin olive oil produced from Galega, Verdeal, and Cordovil olives. This oil is characterized by its unique chemical and sensory properties. The composition includes up to 20% Verdeal, a minimum of 35-40% Cordovil, and the remainder Galega.
Harvested at full ripeness, the olives are processed within 48 hours to maintain quality. The oil is yellow-green with a fruity aroma and rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. Produced in Moura and surrounding areas, the region’s Mediterranean climate and soil create a distinct olive oil, which has been celebrated since Roman times.
Azeite de Moura, 7d3d70e0c3a6780e7a89eeb4b6d3868c, Flickr
3. Castanha da Terra Fria
Castanha da Terra Fria PDO refers to the chestnuts of Castanea sativa Mill, including varieties such as Longal, Judia, Côta, Amarelal, and others. Each batch contains 85% of one variety, with the rest comprising other listed varieties. These chestnuts can be pounded, frozen, candied, or preserved in syrup under the PDO designation.
Tony Kanev, Chestnuts, Flickr
The chestnuts are harvested by hand from the ground to ensure complete maturation, with no mechanical methods used. They are characterized by their elongated elliptical shape, reddish-brown shiny color, and long dark lines. With 70 to 95 nuts per kilogram, these chestnuts are known for their intense flavor. Production is limited to specific parishes in Vila Real and Bragança.
The Castanha da Terra Fria PDO has deep historical roots in its region, and they were vital for the survival of local rural communities. The chestnut tree was crucial for nourishment in Roman times, long before the introduction of potatoes to Portugal in 1789.
4. Manteiga dos Açores (Azorean Butter)
“Manteiga dos Açores” is butter made exclusively from pasteurized cow’s milk cream from the Azores, without lactic fermentation, food coloring, or preservatives. It boasts an intense color, aroma, and fresh taste due to its high betacarotene content. The butter’s unique qualities stem from cows grazing year-round on Azorean pastures. Produced and packaged in the Azores, this butter has been popular since the 16th century. By 1896, Azorean butter was already a commercial success, with a good amount of sales by the Leopoldina dairy factory.
5. Mel da Serra de Monchique (Honey from Serra de Monchique)
The Mel da Serra de Monchique PDO is a honey produced by Apis mellifera Iberica bees, sourced from the nectar of local flowers such as lavender, heather, eucalyptus, orange blossom, and medronho (the strawberry tree). This honey, characterized by its dark yellow color and delicate flavor, is rich in natural mineral salts and features a slight bitter aftertaste from the medronho pollen.
Produced without artificial feeding, the honey is harvested between May and July and purified through filtering and centrifugation. This process ensures that Mel da Serra de Monchique PDO retains its unique qualities. Beekeeping in this region dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries when it was a primary income source. It was introduced and promoted by the Romans in the Algarve.
Serra de Monchique, Photo by Becky Gillespie
6. Pêra Rocha do Oeste (Rocha Pear of the West)
Pera Rocha do Oeste is a pear variety, Pyrus communis L., originating from the Rocha variety in the Sintra commune around 150 years ago. This Portuguese pear has white, sweet, non-acidic, juicy flesh with a soft texture and distinctive aroma. Cultivated in the west region, it thrives under specific local conditions and requires winter cold to develop properly.
Harvested in late August, its production area includes Sintra and surrounding communes. The pear’s cultivation spread from a natural tree on Mr. Rocha’s farm and earned a recognition at the 1932 National Congress on Pomology.
Pêra Rocha do Oeste, Livraria Livrododia, Flickr
7. Sal de Tavira (Tavira Salt)
Sal de Tavira / Flor de Sal de Tavira PDO is a manually harvested sea salt from the Tavira salterns in the Atlantic Ocean. This unrefined, additive-free salt is available as Sal de Tavira PDO, which forms breakable cubic crystals, or as Flor de Sal de Tavira, which consists of fine, alternating layers that easily disintegrate into fine crystals.
The production involves three areas: storage for water and impurity decanting, evaporation for salt concentration, and crystallization for manual salt collection. Rich in sodium chloride, iodine, and oligoelements, this salt is harvested without washing or additives. Tavira’s salt production dates back to at least the 4th century BC, and it was integral to food preservation and fishery activities. Despite industrial declines, traditional salt production methods have been preserved through generations.
Photo by Vitor Oliveira (Flickr)
8. Queijo Serra da Estrela (Serra da Estrela Cheese)
Queijo Serra da Estrela PDO cheese is crafted from the milk of Bordaleira Serra da Estrela and Churra Mondegueira sheep. It is a cured cheese, available in two forms: the semi-soft, white-yellowish Queijo Serra da Estrela, and the semi-hard to extra-hard, brownish-orange Queijo Serra da Estrela Velho. The cheese is renowned for its delicate, clean, slightly acidic flavor and pleasant, persistent, slightly spicy taste. It is the oldest Portuguese cheese recognized internationally for its taste and quality.
The production process begins with sheep milking, followed by milk filtration, heating, and salting. Thistle flower Cynara cardunculus is added to form curd, which is manually cut and filtered. After molding, pressing, and salting, the cheese undergoes two maturation phases, totaling up to 45 days for Queijo Serra da Estrela and 120 days for Queijo Serra da Estrela Velho. This cheese, deeply rooted in Serra da Estrela’s hills, has been internationally recognized since Roman times and mentioned in medieval literature. It reached Lisbon and Porto in 1885 and provided a nutritious food source for the great explorers on their voyages.
CCDRC, Solar do Queijo da Serra da Estrela, Flickr
9. Requeijão Serra da Estrela
Requeijão Serra da Estrela PDO is a creamy, slightly lumpy cheese made from the whey of Serra da Estrela cheese. It uses raw milk from Bordaleira Serra da Estrela and Churra Mondegueira sheep, occasionally incorporating milk from Serrana or Jarmelista goats. Shaped like a rough cylinder and weighing 150 to 400 grams, this white cheese is consistent, easy to cut, and melts in the mouth with an agreeable taste and aroma. It received its DOP distinction in 2005.
The production involves heating the whey, sometimes with added sheep’s milk, to precipitate the proteins, forming ‘flakes’ that are skimmed or sieved. Traditionally collected in chestnut branch baskets, these flakes are now gathered in inert containers. Requeijão Serra da Estrela PDO is appreciated for its high protein and low-fat content and can be enjoyed alone or with various accompaniments. It is produced in several municipalities across the Viseu, Coimbra, Guarda, and Castelo Branco districts.
Patrícia Sampaio has scored the first medal for Portugal at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Last Thursday, 25-year-old Patrícia Sampaio from Tomar, a Portuguese judoka, or judo practitioner, took home the bronze medal in the -78 kg category. She won her match against Japanese athlete Rika Takayama, who is ranked 9th in the world and had been the 7th favorite to win at the Paris Olympics.
Despite Patrícia not making the top of the list after the qualifiers, an objective she had in order to avoid some stronger and well-ranked athletes, she ultimately only lost to the number 1 ranked judoka in the world, and now Olympic champion, Alice Bellandi from Italy.
Patrícia competed in five different matches during the Paris Olympics, beating high-ranked athletes such as the former Olympic vice-champion, Madeleine Malonga. She ultimately took home the 29th medal in Portugal’s Olympic history, and the 4th in the history of Portuguese judo.
Both the Portuguese President of the Republic and the Portuguese Prime Minister made public statements congratulating Patrícia, marking her win as an important achievement for the entire country as well as judo on a national level.
In order to guarantee access to food for those who need it, the public schools of the municipality of Sintra will keep the canteens open during the two months of summer break.
To be able to benefit from this initiative, all that is required is that the person is a student, or a parent of a student, and applies at the Sintra City Hall.
According to the data revealed by the municipality, an average of 4,550 lunches are served daily in June, and 1000 in August – a total of 250,000 meals. These meals are divided amongst the 20 Sintra school groups and cost the municipality around 322,000 euros.
The meal is always well-balanced and, for some families, it could be the only meal of the day.
Those who eat pay according to their income tax bracket. For those that are more in need, the meal is completely free. However, for those within tier B of the Portuguese income tax level, the price is 0.76 euros per meal, and it is 1.46 euros for the rest.
According to the municipality, this initiative has been up and running since the early 2000s and has helped many people throughout the years.
The train that connects Lisbon to Almada, across the Tagus River, has transported almost 500 million passengers in 25 years.
According to the data revealed by the railway administration, the crossing, which was inaugurated 25 years ago, has transported, up to today, 498 million passengers, a number that is almost equivalent to the total population of the European Union.
In order to transport almost 500 million passengers, the trains had to travel 51 million kilometers, a distance that corresponds to 1,273 laps around our planet.
The railway, which crosses April 25 Bridge, was inaugurated in 1999, by the then Prime Minister António Guterres (who is now the Secretary General of the United Nations), and it was handled by the company Fertagus. Even though the bridge was inaugurated in 1966, its initial construction included two tunnels that were intended for trains. Thirty-three years later, the trains began transporting passengers and has almost reached the 500 million passenger mark after 25 years.
According to Fertagus, the company played, and still plays, a very important role in what concerns the vitality of the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The service, which is extremely reliable due to its regularity and punctuality, took a total of around 80 million vehicles out of circulation, which, in turn, saved 900,000 tons of CO₂ emissions.
Great news for those looking to apply for or renew their Golden Visas in Portugal. The Portuguese government has drastically reduced the Portugal Golden Visa renewal fees, effective immediately for both existing visa holders and upcoming applications.
The standard taxes for a renewal were previously €3900 per person and have just been lowered to just €82 per person. The Golden Visa Card fee of €7,800 still applies for new clients, but this is fantastic news for everyone looking to apply for the program or counting down the days to receive their passport.
Earlier this year, it was also announced that the waiting time for the visa now counts towards the 5-year requirement to apply for citizenship. This was also welcome news, alleviating some pressure on those currently waiting for their biometrics appointment.
Below are the current entry points of investor capital available:
€168,000/ €250,000 – A donation to the Portugal Government
€325,000 – Investment of €500,000 with €101,000 return paid upfront + €74,000 loan
€399,000 – Investment of €500,000 with €101,000 return paid upfront
€500,000 – All other investment routes
For further guidance on these topics, we invite you to register for a complimentary live Q&A where you will have the chance to ask any questions you may have. Simply click here.
If you are unable to make the webinar, you’re welcome to schedule a personal discussion with me on Zoom here. I’m able to provide a full breakdown of all current investment options available and answer your questions.
Considering Portugal’s Golden Visa Program? Everything you need to know + how to qualify with 325,000 EUR
If you’re interested in finding out the latest details about the Golden Visa program and want to take advantage of the new opportunities. Signup for a live Q&A webinar with an expert from Holborn Assets that will answer all your questions. The event is scheduled for February 13 at 5 PM Lisbon Time (1 PM EST). The live webinar will cover the following:
Golden Visa basics, how to qualify, who can be included
New Investment Criteria for 2024
Golden Visa timeline and process
How to qualify with just 325,000 EUR – this exclusive offer includes investment loan financing to bridge the gap to reach the 500k minimum investment
Planning a trip to Lisbon? I bet you’re looking forward to riding (or at least seeing!) the famous Tram 28, right? But what is it about this tram that made it so popular among tourists?
Riding Tram 28 in Lisbon can truly feel like you have stepped back in time. The trams have kept their vintage look. And now they’re taking you on a whirlwind tour of the city’s most Instagram-worthy spots! Riding Tram 28 is also the perfect way to begin your journey through Lisbon – keep your Google Maps open along the way and mark the spots you’ll want to visit on foot!
Keep reading to discover more about the history of Tram 28, details about some of the most famous places you’ll pass by, as well as about the Tram schedule and prices.
Tram 28, Lisbon – A Bit of History
Tram 28 in Lisbon passing by Lisbon Cathedral. Photo by Robert-Razvan Branza
Today, the Tram 28 route connects Martim Moniz with Campo Ourique. It passes through popular areas like Alfama, Chiado, and Estrela. However, a century ago, this tram had a different route. It connected Praça Camões and Estrela.
Tram 28 was inaugurated in 1914. Its inauguration was part of Lisbon’s efforts to modernize its public transportation system. Initially, the tram service replaced horse-drawn carriages – the primary means of transport in the city at the time. The first electric trams were actually introduced in 1901. But it wasn’t until 1914 that Tram 28 began its service.
When I first took this tram, I was expecting it to be filled only with tourists since it has become famous among tourists worldwide. In fact, I once used to think Tram 28 was only a tourist attraction and locals preferred to avoid it because of how crowded it got. I’ve since discovered that locals also use it to get from one neighborhood to another, which makes the trip feel much more authentic!
Tram 28 – Evolution and Preservation
Tram 28 has survived the rise of automobiles and buses. It excels at navigating the narrow streets of Lisbon, so why would anyone want to get rid of it?! Some streets are actually so narrow that you can touch building walls if you reach out to them from the tram (don’t try it though!).
The trams used today are vintage models from the 1930s. Their wooden interior is truly incredible. And, of course, the classic yellow exterior is a timeless design! Thanks to the efforts to preserve its original appearance, Tram 28 is now one of the biggest tourist attractions in Lisbon – can you imagine that it transports around 4.5 million passengers annually? Not to mention that it’s now featured on postcards, souvenirs, azulejo tiles, tote bags, and whatnot.
Tram 28 – Schedule and Tickets
Trams run daily as follows:
The first tram starts from Martim Moniz at 5:40 am; the last tram starts from Martim Moniz at 11:30 pm
The first tram starts from Campo de Ourique at 6:30 am; the last tram starts from Campo de Ourique at 23:52.
Frequency is every 10-15 minutes on average. However, this is the schedule for weekdays – on weekends, the schedule is more limited, so make sure to check it here.
One ticket costs 3 EUR if bought on board, or you can use a 24-hour transit pass for 6.80 EUR.
Tram 28, Lisbon – Route and Stops
Tram 28 Route
As mentioned, Tram 28 connects Martim Moniz with Campo de Ourique. It has a 7-kilometer route and over 30 stops. Keep reading to discover bits of history about some of the most notable locations you’ll pass by while on Tram 28!
Martim Moniz
The Martim Moniz statue in Lisbon commemorates the heroic act of Martim Moniz – he was a Portuguese knight who sacrificed himself during the Siege of Lisbon in 1147 to help King Afonso Henriques take the city from the Moors. The word goes that Moniz lodged his body in the closing gates of São Jorge Castle. This allowed his fellow soldiers to secure the door and capture the castle. He was killed in the incident.
Igreja de São Vicente de Fora
The Igreja de São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon. The original structure was built in 1147 in honor of Saint Vincent of Saragossa, the city’s patron saint. However, the current Mannerist structure was built a few centuries later – between 1582 and 1629. It has a stunning Baroque altar and a richly decorated interior with over 100,000 azulejos!
Alfama District
The Alfama district is Lisbon’s oldest neighborhood. Every time I walk the narrow streets of Alfama, I’m amazed at how culturally and historically rich they are! Having survived the 1755 earthquake, Alfama now has a unique charm accented by whitewashed centuries-old buildings, vibrant local life, and stunning views of the Tagus River.
Sé Cathedral
Lisbon Cathedral. Photo by Robert-Razvan Branza
Sé Cathedral, or Lisbon Cathedral, is the oldest church in Lisbon. It was built in 1147 on the site of a former mosque. Its architecture has Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque elements. The cathedral survived the 1755 earthquake that devastated much of the city, although parts of it, such as the Gothic main chapel, were almost completely destroyed. The cathedral’s impressive rose window, reconstructed from original fragments, only adds to its architectural charm!
Arco da Rua Augusta
Although Tram 28 doesn’t pass directly by the Arco da Rua Augusta, you’ll still see it from afar. The arch was completed in 1873 and symbolizes the city’s recovery from the devastating 1755 earthquake. Its grand design features six towering columns and statues of notable historical figures, including Vasco da Gama and the Marquis of Pombal. In short – it is truly a must-see structure in Lisbon! But don’t worry – you’ll have plenty of time to see it up close it while exploring the city on foot, as it’s right in the heart of the Lisbon center!
Chiado
The Chiado district in Lisbon is a vibrant blend of history and modernity – it’s known for its elegant shops, theaters, and cafés. In other words, it’s the destination for culture enthusiasts who want to learn more about the writers and musicians who shaped Portugal. In fact, it is now quite famous thanks to Fernando Pessoa’s statue (which you’ll see from the tram) and the historic A Brasileira café. Get ready to mark it on your map because you’ll certainly want to return there!
Estrela Basilica
The Estrela Basilica in Lisbon has a gorgeous exterior you’ll get a front row seat to from Tram 28! It was built by the order of Queen Maria I as the fulfillment of a vow. The structure features a stunning blend of Baroque and Neoclassical architecture – similar to the famous Mafra National Palace. If you decide to visit it, the interior will truly amaze you! It features intricate marble patterns and artworks signed by renowned artists, as well as the queen’s tomb. You can also go to the roof and get another view of the inside of the church – an incredible sight indeed!
Tips for Riding Tram 28 in Lisbon
Alfama District as seen from Tram 28. Photo by Robert-Razvan Branza
If you don’t like crowds, arrive early in the morning (6-8:00 am) or late at night (9-11:30 pm). However, if you can’t make it in the morning or evening, just board the tram at Martim Moniz or Campo de Ourique. It is usually quite empty there, so you’ll definitely get a seat. Considering that the whole route takes 60 minutes, it’s certainly better to be seated – otherwise, you won’t even see much through the windows.
Furthermore, don’t forget about pickpockets – Tram 28 is a popular destination for them.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Pay for Tram 28 in Lisbon?
You can pay for Tram 28 in Lisbon right on the tram. The ticket costs 3 EUR, and you can only use cash. If you have a prepaid transport card, you’ll pay half – 1.5 EUR. You can also use the 24-hour pass if you have one.
Is Tram 28 Worth It in Lisbon?
Riding Tram 28 in Lisbon is definitely worth it! It will take you to the most beautiful places in Lisbon that are filled with culture and history! Besides, it’s an excellent way to find some spots you may want to visit later on foot.
Which Side Is Best to Sit on Tram 28?
You can sit on both sides on Tram 28, as there are plenty of things to see. However, if you can choose a seat, pick the left side if you’re starting at Martim Moniz and the right side if you’re starting at Campo de Ourique.
What Is the Alternative to Tram 28 in Lisbon?
As an alternative to Tram 28 in Lisbon, you can take Trams 12, 18, 24, and 25.
Ever wonder who the wealthiest individuals in Portugal are? We did a deep dive and discovered that they come from diverse industries ranging from energy and investments to food distribution and retail. These billionaires have built their fortunes through various means such as family businesses, corporate leadership, and strategic investments. Let’s learn about the 11 richest people in Portugal. We will give you their total net worth and insights into their business ventures and financial accomplishments.
1. Maria Fernanda Amorim – Total Net Worth:€6.5 billion
It may surprise you to discover that the richest person in Portugal is a woman! Maria Fernanda Amorim, the widow of Américo Amorim, inherited his substantial fortune along with their three daughters. Américo, who passed away in 2017, was a significant figure in the cork industry and had diversified investments in energy sectors. The Amorim family owns a major stake in Galp Energia, where Maria’s eldest daughter, Paula Amorim, serves as the chairperson. This 18% stake is one of their most valuable assets, solidifying their position as one of the wealthiest families in Portugal.
One of the many Galp gas stations around the world, Upper Uhs, Flickr
Despite fluctuations in their fortune, Maria Fernanda Amorim has successfully maintained her family’s financial stability and ascended the Forbes billionaires list, rising 41 places between 2021 and 2023. The Amorim family’s involvement in Corticeira Amorim, the leading company in the cork industry, and other investments continue to secure their high net worth and influential status in Portugal’s business landscape.
2. Pedro Soares dos Santos – Total Net Worth:€3.4 billion
Pedro Soares dos Santos is the driving force behind Jerónimo Martins, a leading player in the global food distribution and retail industry. The company, founded in 1792, operates well-known chains such as Pingo Doce and Recheio. Under Pedro’s leadership, Jerónimo Martins has seen significant profit increases, largely due to its successful subsidiary, Biedronka, in Poland. This growth has cemented Pedro’s position as the second richest individual in Portugal.
One of many Pingo Doce supermarkets throughout Portugal, Anthony Barnish, Flickr
Jerónimo Martins is a major contributor to Pedro’s fortune, with the company ranking among the Top 100 family businesses globally. Despite his substantial wealth, Pedro maintains a low profile and has no known political affiliations. The company’s extensive operations, including over 4,900 stores in Portugal, Poland, and Colombia, and its listing on Euronext Lisbon, contribute significantly to Pedro’s impressive net worth.
3. The Queiroz Pereira Family – Total Net Worth:€2.66 billion
The Queiroz Pereira family, including heirs Filipa, Mafalda, and Lua, holds a significant fortune through their shares in Semapa and The Navigator Company. Semapa is one of Portugal’s largest industrial groups, with operations in cement, pulp and paper, and venture capital. The Navigator Company, a multinational in forestry and renewable energy, further adds to the family’s wealth. With their fortune valued at 2.66 billion euros, the family continues to expand their business empire and maintain a prominent position among Portugal’s wealthiest.
4. The Guimarães Family de Mello – Total Net Worth: €2.652 billion
The Guimarães de Mello family, heirs of José Manuel de Mello, lead the Group José de Mello, a conglomerate with interests in various sectors including healthcare and chemicals. Vasco de Mello previously led the group and now Salvador de Mello currently serves as the CEO. The family’s fortune is also heavily invested in companies like CUF and Bondalti, as well as real estate.
The Guimarães family has diversified their investments, notably in the CUF health network and the José de Mello residence network. Their strategic expansion into green hydrogen and green lithium sectors through Bondalti demonstrates their forward-thinking approach. With a combined estate of 2.652 billion euros, the family’s influence spans across several key industries in Portugal.
One of many CUF hospitals across the country, trevor.patt, Flickr
5. Nuno, Paulo, and Cláudia Azevedo – Total Net Worth: €2.125 billion
The Azevedo siblings, heirs to the Sonae empire, inherited their wealth from their father, Belmiro de Azevedo. Sonae, a multinational business group, operates in various sectors including retail, telecommunications, and real estate. The siblings’ fortune is primarily derived from their holdings in Sonae SGPS, SonaeCom, Sonae Indústria, and Sonae Capital.
The Azevedo family’s business acumen has positioned them among Portugal’s wealthiest. Their strategic management of Sonae’s diverse portfolio, along with substantial real estate and agricultural investments, has resulted in a combined net worth of over 2.1 billion euros. Sonae’s presence in 90 countries and its status as the largest private employer in Portugal demonstrate the family’s significant economic impact.
6. The Alves Ribeiro Family – Total Net Worth:€1.357 billion
The Alves Ribeiro family’s fortune originates from the construction company founded by Artur Alves Ribeiro in 1941. Today, Vítor and José Alves Ribeiro lead the family’s business ventures, which have expanded into real estate and banking. Their company, Mundicenter, manages 11 shopping centers, which contributes significantly to their wealth.
The family’s portfolio includes substantial investments in Banco Invest, a specialized savings and investment bank. Their diversified business interests and successful management of Mundicenter and other real estate assets have resulted in a net worth of 1.357 billion euros, placing them among the richest families in Portugal.
7. Fernando Campos Nunes – Total Net Worth:€1.350 billion
Fernando Campos Nunes, the owner of the Visabeira Group, has built a substantial fortune in various sectors including industry, telecommunications, construction, and tourism. Founded in 1980, Visabeira has grown into a multinational with operations in 16 countries. Brands like Vista Alegre Atlantis and TV Cabo Moçambique are part of the group’s diverse portfolio.
With a net worth of 1.35 billion euros, Fernando Campos Nunes has significantly expanded his business empire. The Visabeira Group’s successful ventures in telecommunications and tourism, including the Montebelo hotel chain and investments in Mozambique, underscore Nunes’ strategic business acumen and substantial financial success.
8. António Silva Rodrigues – Total Net Worth:€1.320 billion
António da Silva Rodrigues, founder of the Simoldes Group, has amassed a fortune through his work in the molds and automotive components industry. Starting in 1959, the company now operates 36 subsidiaries and three engineering centers globally. Simoldes’ major clients include automotive giants like Volkswagen and Renault.
António’s investments extend beyond manufacturing, with significant shares in Banco BIG and real estate. His strategic expansion and diversified portfolio have led to a net worth of over 1.3 billion euros.
9. Dionysius Pestana – Total Net Worth: €1.310 billion
Dionísio Pestana, founder of the Pestana hotel group, has built a hospitality empire with more than 100 hotels worldwide. Starting with a single hotel in Madeira in 1966, the Pestana Group now includes brands like Pestana Hotels & Resorts and Pestana CR7 Lifestyle Hotels, with partners with Cristiano Ronaldo.
Hotel Pestana Porto, Manolo Arean, Flickr
The group’s expansion into tourism, casinos, and real estate has contributed to its valuation of 1.310 billion euros. Dionísio Pestana’s strategic growth and diversification in the hospitality industry have solidified his position as one of Portugal’s richest individuals.
10. The Jervell Family – Total Net Worth: €1.110 billion
The Jervell family, founders of Ascendum and Auto Sueco Coimbra, are now led by Tomás Jervell. The Nors Group, their main asset, operates in mobility, off-road, aftermarket, and ventures sectors. The group has a significant presence in 17 countries and had a record turnover of 2.685 billion euros in 2022.
With a net worth of 1.110 billion euros, the Jervell family’s strategic investments and diverse business operations in the Nors Group have secured their place among Portugal’s wealthiest families.
11. The Caetano Family – Total Net Worth: €996 million
The Salvador Caetano family, owners of the Salor Caetano Group, have a long history in the automotive industry. Founded by Salvador Caetano Fernandes in 1946, the company initially focused on bus manufacturing and later expanded into car imports, particularly with Toyota. Today, the group includes over 100 companies in sectors like industry, services, and automotive retail.
Final Thoughts
From energy and retail to construction and hospitality, the 11 richest people/families in Portugal billionaires and their families have played significant roles in shaping Portugal’s economy. Their continued success and influence underscore the dynamic nature of Portugal’s business environment and give us an idea of how wealth is built in the country.
Filipa Martins just became the first Portuguese gymnast to qualify for the Olympic all-around final.
The all-around women’s gymnastics competition incorporates four different elements: the vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise.
Filipa Martins, a 28 year-old gymnast born in Porto, achieved something that no other Portuguese gymnast has ever achieved. By completing a double-twisting Yurchenko on the vault, which is an extremely risky move, she managed to secure a place in the final, one of the 24 best scoring athletes.
Even though she had been practicing the double-twisting Yurchenko since 2014 or 2015, the move was so risky that she admitted to being a little scared. But the risk was worth the reward. Filipa managed to get a total score of 53.166, placing 18th out of the 60 competing athletes. As the score placed her within the first 24, she secured a place in the final, which will be on Thursday, August 1st.
Filipa has been competing at the highest level for a long time now and continues to fight, despite having gone through four operations on her right ankle. She even has a move in gymnastics named after her. “The Martins” was introduced to the public by Filipa for the first time at the 2021 European Championship in Basel on the uneven bars, her specialty, and has been attributed to her ever since.
This is her third appearance at the Olympics, and the third time has certainly been the charm. In Rio, in 2016, she was 37th, and in Tokyo, in 2020, she was 43rd. Now, as she will compete in the final, in the worst case scenario, she will finish in 24th place.
But Filipa expects an even higher finish for herself, and she is going all in. After working through her injuries, she is now making history. To win big, sometimes it is necessary to take a big risk.
Through her success and tenacity, Filipa hopes to blaze a trail for other Portuguese gymnasts. In her words, “We need to train a lot more, we need a lot more support and we don’t have it, so these processes take time and little by little I think that Portugal is growing a lot in our sport…Therefore, it is historic, not only because of what we did here, but because of the lack of support, in quotes, that we had, and we managed to do this.”
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