The Portuguese NIF, or Número de Identificação Fiscal, is Portugal’s taxpayer identification number. This nine-digit number is essential for various legal and financial activities within the country. The NIF is assigned to both nationals and foreigners and serves as a key identifier for tax purposes. This number is unique to each individual and remains unchanged throughout their lifetime.
This article delves into the background of the NIF, the application process, and its practical uses and benefits. Understanding the NIF is essential for anyone navigating the financial and legal landscape of Portugal and has become an indispensable part of life in Portugal.
The Background and Necessity of the NIF
The NIF began to be used in Portugal in 1989. Its introduction was driven by the need to enhance tax collection efficiency and combat evasion. Before the NIF, Portugal’s tax system relied on multiple identification numbers for different services, which led to confusion, inefficiencies, and downright tax evasion. The NIF unified these systems and provided a singular, comprehensive identifier for tax purposes.
This shift not only streamlined administrative processes but also significantly improved the government’s ability to monitor and enforce tax laws. By simplifying the tax identification process, the NIF has played a crucial role in modernizing Portugal’s fiscal infrastructure and bolstering its economy.
Obtaining a NIF for Residency Applications
Obtaining a NIF is the first, crucial step for those applying for residency in Portugal. It’s the first official document required in the residency process. This number is not just for tax purposes but also serves as a form of identification within the country, similar to the social security number in the USA.
Without a NIF, applicants will find it basically impossible to complete essential tasks like renting a home, setting up utility services, or opening a bank account, all of which are necessary for establishing residency.
The NIF also demonstrates an applicant’s intent to be integrated into the Portuguese fiscal system. It signals to authorities that you are committed to contributing to and participating in the country’s economy and society. For those seeking to make Portugal their home, you won’t get anywhere without first obtaining your NIF.
How to Apply for a NIF
Applying for a NIF in Portugal is a straightforward process. Initially, individuals should visit a local tax office, known as Finanças, with their identification documents. For residents, this means a passport or ID card, and for non-residents, a passport and proof of address are required. Representation through a legal proxy is also an option for those abroad. Several companies have been set up to assist with this process when applicants are still overseas. The application can be completed in person or, in some cases, online for residents with a digital certificate.
Scott Graham, Unsplash
Upon submitting the necessary documents, the tax office processes the application. Typically, the NIF is issued immediately or within a few days. It’s important to keep this number secure, as it is used extensively in financial and legal transactions. For non-residents, obtaining a NIF is essential before engaging in activities like buying property or starting a business in Portugal. The process is designed to be accessible and ensures that everyone can participate in Portugal’s economy and society.
If you are considering becoming a Portuguese resident, start the NIF process as soon as possible as it won’t cost anything to hold on to it even if you don’t use it, and it may take longer than expected to receive the NIF in some cases.
When do you use the NIF in Portugal?
The NIF is used in various situations from opening a bank account to signing a lease. It is also necessary for employment and enrollment in the national health system. Essentially, any financial transaction or contract within Portugal mandates the use of the NIF. It is also required in interactions with government entities and private institutions.
When should I give my NIF number for purchases?
Any time that you need an invoice or a receipt issued, whether you’re at the dentist or paying for maintenance work on your house, you will need to give your NIF (You will often hear the phrase “número de contribuinte” at the counter, which signals that you need to provide your fiscal number). This is particularly relevant for high-value purchases.
Moreover, making purchases in various stores, whether for clothing, electronics, or services, commonly involves the option to include your NIF on receipts. At the grocery store, you’ll often be asked for your NIF at checkout, which enables the tracking of your spending for tax deduction purposes.
Similarly, ticket machines at train stations will ask for your NIF and McDonald’s kiosks offer the option to input your NIF for every order placed. The only places that do not commonly ask for your NIF are restaurants and coffee shops.
Linking purchases to your NIF can facilitate warranty claims and returns. It’s not mandatory for everyday small transactions, but it’s a common practice for larger ones. This widespread practice not only facilitates potential tax benefits but also serves as an indication of your active participation in the Portuguese economy.
Regularly using your NIF underscores your residency status and contributes to the demonstration of your economic integration and presence in Portugal. Hence, carrying your NIF or memorizing it can speed up your time spent at the payment counter and also help you learn to count to ten in Portuguese.
Does giving my NIF help me save on taxes?
Yes, providing your NIF can give you some tax benefits. Portugal’s tax system allows deductions for certain expenses when they are associated with your NIF. These include health expenses, education costs, and general household expenditures. By compiling these expenses, individuals can potentially reduce their taxable income and save on their taxes.
Additionally, general consumer purchases, when registered with your NIF, contribute to the accumulation of deductible expenses, including certain percentages of VAT (Value Added Tax) on invoices for restaurants, repair services, and beauty services.
Portugal has a unique system known as “e-fatura” where taxpayers can track their expenses and associated tax deductions online. By logging into the official Finanças website and navigating to the e-fatura section, individuals can view their recorded purchases, validate invoices, and manage their personal finances with an eye towards optimizing tax deductions.
This digital tracking encourages transparency, facilitates easier management of tax-related affairs, and allows taxpayers to maximize their eligible deductions and potentially lower their tax payments.
We hope that you now have a better idea of the fundamental aspects of the Portuguese NIF and how it is used in your daily life in Portugal. It is a critical component in navigating Portugal’s financial, legal, and tax systems. Whether you’re engaging in daily transactions or dealing with larger financial issues, your NIF plays a pivotal role.
Once you become a resident in Portugal, we advise you to memorize your NIF as soon as possible or, at the very least, print out your NIF number on a laminated card that you can carry in your wallet to always have your number easily accessible.
March was Earth’s 10th warmest consecutive month on record.
Since June 2023, Earth has been breaking heat records every month. Last month (March 2024) was the 10th consecutive month of record breaking.
Consider that this data was made public by the European observation program Copernicus, which studies the Earth temperatures.
Moreover, the temperature of the air and of the oceans was also historically high. Last month’s average was 14.14 ºC, 0.10 ºC above the previous record, which was registered in 2016.
When it comes to the global sea surface temperature, the average was 21.07 ºC, 1.58 ºC above the base level (the base level is the temperature that was registered at the end of the 19th century, right before the exponential increase of the usage of fossil fuels).
According to scientists, this increase should not be a surprise. They believe it has a lot to do with El Niño, which is a climatic phenomenon that heats up the center of the Pacific and changes global climate patterns. This year’s El Niño was especially strong and led to high temperatures.
However, most climate scientists and activists pin the increase on human action and the consequent gas emissions. According to them, this is the main cause of global warming, and without real change, things will remain the same.
Note that, in 2015, with the Paris Agreement, the global community established the objective of limiting global warming to 1.5 ºC, or less above the base level.
The Portuguese nurses publicly announced that they will be on strike for five days, in the end of April/beginning of May.
Several union structures have called for a collective strike during the end of this month and the beginning of the next one. It will take place on April 26, 29, and 30 and May 2 and 3. Among the requests are a need for salary and career reviews and the recruitment of more professionals.
Furthermore, the nurses also ask for a new evaluation and performance model – one that minimizes risk by being fair, transparent, and executable. Hopefully, this will diminish the wear and tear of the profession and facilitate its integration within the public services.
The strike will cover the public, private, and social sectors, depending on the days. On the first day (April 26), it will happen in the North. On the second day (April 29) in the Azores, and on the third day (April 30) in Madeira. Last but not least, the fourth and fifth days (May 2 and 3) will cover the Center and the South of Portugal.
Note, however, that minimum services will be provided. ERs (emergency rooms), intensive care, ORs (operating rooms), and some oncological treatments will still be active and in operation.
Portugal boasts a rich tradition of conventual sweets, a cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with the country’s history and culture. These delectable treats originate from the ingenious creativity of nuns and monks and have evolved into a diverse array of desserts that delight locals and visitors alike.
Let’s first examine the history and then explore some of the most iconic and mouth-watering conventual sweets that make up part of Portugal’s culinary heritage.
What Is a Conventual Sweet?
A conventual sweet in Portugal refers to a dessert originally created in convents and monasteries. These sweets date back to the 15th century. Portuguese conventual sweets are distinct, using primarily egg yolks, abundant sugar, and minimal flour, resulting in exceptionally rich desserts.
This led to a diverse array of sweets, each with a unique story and origin, as the nuns and monks used these ingredients to create various pastries, cakes, and puddings.
Conventual sweets are an important part of Portugal’s culinary heritage. Some examples, which we list below, include the iconic Pastéis de Nata, commonly known as egg custard tarts, and “pão de ló,” a sponge cake.
The History of Portuguese Conventual Sweets
The notoriety of conventual sweets grew from the 15th century, fueled by the availability of sugar cane from Brazil and Madeira. Portugal, a significant egg producer in the 18th and 19th centuries, had an abundance of egg yolks due to the export of egg whites and their use in wine production and laundry. This surplus led convents to create a myriad of sweets for religious festivals and private sales.
Additionally, convents served as educational and refuge spaces, where nobles’ daughters, often joined by servants, contributed to the sweets’ preparation. This collaborative environment fostered the development and sharing of countless recipes. Thus, conventual sweets are rich in history and a beloved component of Portuguese culinary art.
The convents of the Poor Clares, Santa Clara, and the Carmelites created the most famous sweets. This would come in handy when religious orders were closed after 1834’s Liberal Revolution, forcing convents to sell sweets to survive. Nuns passed recipes to families or pastry shops. However, many recipes were lost or destroyed. Today, top pastry shops across Portugal guard their secret recipes closely.
Now that we’ve learned the history, let’s jump into some of the most well-known conventual sweets which you are likely to see in one of Portugal’s many pastry shops.
1. Pastel de Nata – The Quintessential Portuguese Tart
Pastel de Nata, a crunchy tart filled with a luscious egg cream, is a beloved symbol of Portuguese pastries and the most famous Portuguese food worldwide. Originating in the Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, this dessert has captured the hearts of visitors from all over the world with its unique flavor and texture. Roasted to perfection and often dusted with cinnamon or powdered sugar, Pastel de Nata is a must-try for anyone seeking an authentic taste of Portugal.
Pastel de Nata. Photo by Diogo Nunes (Unsplash)
2. Ovos Moles – Soft Eggs from Aveiro
Ovos Moles, meaning “soft eggs,” is a traditional dessert hailing from Aveiro in central Portugal. Made from egg yolks and sugar, this delicacy is often shaped into intricate forms like shells, fish, or moliceiros (typical boats of Aveiro). Designated as a product with Protected Geographical Indication by the European Union, Ovos Moles offer a one-of-a-kind and delightful culinary experience.
Ovos moles from Aveiro, R G, Flickr
3. Bolo Rei – The Kings Cake of Christmas
Bolo Rei, or Kings Cake, is a festive delight enjoyed during Christmas and Epiphany in Portugal. This traditional cake, covered with nuts, dried fruits, and crystallized fruit, has a special place in Portuguese holiday celebrations. Perhaps it’s the fun tradition that adds a touch of excitement—if you find a fava bean, it means you’ll be responsible for the Kings Cake next year. Make sure you search for this bean when you enjoy a slice of cake.
Bolo Rei spotted at Confeitaria Nacional, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Flickr
4. Pão de Ló de Ovar – The Decadent Sponge Cake
The Pão de Ló de Ovar is a traditional Portuguese sponge cake that comes from the town of Ovar, a town in Portugal. Known for its moist, fluffy texture and rich, eggy flavor, this delicacy is a beloved dessert across the country. It is often served during festive occasions and holidays, such as Easter. The cake’s distinctive feature is its slightly undercooked center, giving it a creamy consistency that sets it apart from other sponge cakes. If you have a penchant for Portuguese egg cream, this cake is guaranteed to captivate your taste buds.
Pão de Ló de Ovar, Marco Coelho, Flickr
5. Lampreia de Ovos – A Unique Christmas Treat
Lampreia de Ovos, a sweet replica of a terrifying sea monster made from 50 egg yolks, is a unique Christmas treat in Portugal. This dessert, with its intricate design that resembles the ancient lamprey fish, showcases the creativity and artistry of Portuguese pastry chefs. Adorned with candied cherry eyes, peeled almond teeth, and sugary egg threads, Lampreia de Ovos is a visual and gastronomic delight.
Lampreia de Ovos, Pastelaria Atlântico, Flickr
6. Cornucópias of Goodness – A Horn-Shaped Pastry
Cornucópias from Alcobaça’s Monastery in Alcobaça, a Portuguese city in the Leiria District, are exquisite delights. Crafted into horn-shaped, flaky pastry shells, they’re generously filled with a luscious sweet egg cream. These treats are deeply rooted in the country’s conventual confectionery tradition and embody the perfect balance of sweetness, making them a cherished dessert among locals and visitors alike.
Cornucópias, Ladymissmba, Flickr
7. Queijadas – The Perfect Snack That Varies by Region
Queijadas are a popular Portuguese treat, small in size but rich in flavor. They are traditional pastries made from a blend of cheese, eggs, milk, and sugar, all encased in a thin, crisp pastry shell. Different regions of Portugal each offer a unique take on the recipe and add local ingredients to the mix. Queijadas are especially beloved for their creamy, sweet filling and are commonly enjoyed as a snack or dessert accompanied by a strong cup of coffee.
Queijadas de Sintra, hugovk, Flickr
8. Heavenly Bacon—Or Is It?
The “Toucinho do Céu,” which translates to “Bacon from Heaven,” is another delicious pastry that has its roots in the São Bento monastery in Murça, Trás-os-Montes, Ovidelas. Surprising many with its name, this treat actually contains no bacon! Instead, it is a sumptuous cake that blends grated almonds, sugar syrup, Gila candy, flour, and egg yolks into a rectangular, powdered sugar-dusted masterpiece. Its intriguing name stems from the original use of lard in its recipe, and this sweet has also become a traditional treat in Alentejo, Guimarães, and Évora.
Toucinho-do-céu de Murça (on top), fotolegendas, Flickr
9. Pastel de Tentúgal from Nossa Senhora do Carmo Convent
The Pastel de Tentúgal is a renowned conventual sweet, born within the walls of the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Convent in Tentúgal, near Coimbra, and crafted by Carmelite nuns. This delicacy stands out as one of Portugal’s most celebrated conventual treats. It features a unique combination of crunchy filo pastry, encasing a soft, creamy filling of sweet egg cream. The contrast between the delicate, crisp layers and the rich, smooth center makes the Pastel de Tentúgal a divine culinary experience, beloved for its exquisite texture and flavor.
Pastel de Tentúgal, David Samuel Santos, Flickr
10. Pudim Abade de Priscos – A Clergyman Creates His Own Dessert
The Abade de Priscos pudding, a hallmark of Portuguese cuisine, owes its creation to Abbot Manuel Joaquim Rebelo in the 19th century, who served in Priscos, near Braga. Unlike many traditional sweets that originated in convents, this dessert was the innovation of a clergyman renowned for his exceptional culinary skills. Characterized by its rich egg content and the unconventional use of lard, the pudding boasts a uniquely silky texture and sweetness, offering a melt-in-the-mouth experience. Despite the surprising ingredient, the lard’s presence is cleverly masked, which contributes to the dessert’s divine quality without overpowering it.
Pudim do Abade de Priscos, esqueirinhos, Flickr
11. Brisas do Lis – A New Favorite
Brisas do Lis hold a special place in Leiria’s culinary tradition. Originating in the early 20th century, these sweets are made from egg yolk, sugar, and almonds. Although newer than many traditional recipes, they are highly cherished. They have repeatedly been named the “best conventual sweet” at Portuguese food events. This accolade underscores their significance in Portugal’s gastronomic scene.
Brisas do Lis, Tiago Castro, Flickr
12. Pastel de Feijão – An Everyday Favorite from Torres Vedras
Like the pastel de nata, the Pastel de Feijão from Torres Vedras is considered an everyday classic among conventual sweets. Common in Lisbon’s pastry shops, it’s a favorite for a mid-afternoon coffee snack. This sweet is comprised of a smooth purée of white beans, almonds, egg yolks, and sugar. It is encased in a crispy dough shell and sometimes has a light dusting of confectioners’ sugar. This blend of flavors and textures has made it a beloved treat.
Pastel de Feijão, Torres Vedras CM, Flickr
Final Thoughts
Portugal’s conventual treats, like Brisas do Lis, Pastel de Feijão, and the world-famous pastel de nata, embody the rich culinary heritage of the country. These sweets blend traditional ingredients with centuries-old recipes and offer a taste of history in every bite. Whether enjoyed as a mid-afternoon snack or a festive treat, they continue to be a unique and well-loved part of Portuguese gastronomy. The next time that you walk into a pastry shop in Portugal, see if you can recognize any of these tasty sweets!
Portugal is an incredibly rich country in terms of history and culture. Its territory is filled to the brim with awe-striking buildings that stand out as a testament to the country’s artistic identity!
Although Manueline is by far the most famous and sought-after style in the country, Romanesque architecture flourished in Portugal in the 12th century, so we definitely should not overlook it.
During that time, many Romanesque churches and monasteries were built. The development of this style was intertwined with the Portuguese participation in the Reconquista, which is why the buildings stand out not only as architectural monuments but also as significant historical landmarks.
Join us in this cultural journey of (re)discovering Portuguese Romanesque architecture!
Romanesque Architecture in Portugal
Romanesque architecture developed in medieval Europe, having been predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. It preceded the Gothic style.
The Romanesque style has its roots in Roman techniques. It developed simultaneously in Italy, France, and the Iberian Peninsula.
In Portugal, the Romanesque was predominant in recently conquered regions. They were likely more open to influences. As such, even though Romanesque influences arrived in Portugal at the end of the 11th century, it wasn’t until the second quarter of the 12th century that the style actually became popular.
It is believed that the Reconquista – a series of military campaigns waged by Christian kingdoms against the Muslim kingdoms – caused the increased use of Romanesque techniques in Portugal.
The Reconquista took place from the North to the South. If one were to follow a route of Romanesque architecture in Portugal, they’d notice that the North is abundant in Romanesque buildings, whereas the South has fewer landmarks. More precisely, Romanesque churches are very common in the Northwest and the Center.
The expansion of the Romanesque also coincided with the territory’s reorganization since many new parishes appeared in the 12th and 13th centuries. The churches were considered “the consecrating pole of the entire parish,” so it was only natural that so many were built during that period.
Afonso Henriques, also known as Afonso I and the Conqueror, was the first king of Portugal. It was during his reign that some of the most iconic Portuguese Romanesque constructions were built.
During his reign, Portugal was adorned with the famous cathedrals in Lisbon, Coimbra, Viseu, and Porto, as well as with the Monastery of Santa Cruz. It’s worth noting, however, that many of the original Romanesque decorations were lost over time. The Monastery of Santa Cruz, for example, was fully Romanesque at first, displaying French Romanesque influences. Over the years, the decorations were destroyed or replaced. Today, it is largely Manueline.
Romanesque Architecture – Characteristics
Although predominantly a religious architecture, the Romanesque style was also used for:
Townhouses
Domestic buildings
Military structures
Palaces
Commercial premises
Castles
City walls
Bridges
Here are some characteristics that are typical of the Romanesque:
Thick walls and small windows
Rectangular piers that support arches
Columns that serve for structural and decorative purposes
Corinthian capitals (round at the bottom and square at the top, sitting on a circular column) that supported an arch or a wall
Barrel, groin, ribbed, or pointed-arched vaults
Octagonal domes with corner squinches (triangular corners that support the dome base)
A Latin Cross plan
Symmetrical facades with two tall towers on each side and deeply recessed openings
A single portal placed on the west front
Lombard band arcades (rows of small arches supporting a roofline)
Aisles separated by arcades
Larger monasteries may have three aisles supported by columns or piers
Semicircular arches
Geometrical decorations
Figurative sculptures, particularly around cathedral and church portals; these are usually Biblical in subject or depict legends of local saints (particularly in Portugal) to teach people about virtues and sins; some Portuguese Romanesque buildings also feature mundane events, like musicians playing instruments, people dancing, or peasants planting crops.
Mural decorations
Stained glass
Corbels featuring human or animal heads, as well as imaginary beasts
Wooden roofs
Cloisters (an open gallery or arcade) running along the building wall
Due to historical circumstances, Portuguese Romanesque churches have a unique trait – although they’re all quite similar at first glance, there are some dissimilarities between churches located in different regions.
These differences can be linked to political and geographical circumstances and external influences. All these distinguishable Romanesque styles are sometimes called dialects of the Portuguese Romanesque.
Romanesque Landmarks in Portugal
If you’re passionate about architecture or simply want to immerse yourself in Portugal’s history and culture, we strongly recommend adding these landmarks to your must-visit list!
1. Lisbon Cathedral
The Cathedral of Lisbon (Sé de Lisboa), located in the heart of the city, is its oldest church. It is among the most iconic Romanesque buildings in the country.
The cathedral was built in 1147. It has been restored multiple times, after having survived several earthquakes – some in the 14th and 16th centuries and, naturally, the infamous 1755 Lisbon earthquake. As a consequence, the building is now a combination of various architectural styles, although it was originally fully Romanesque.
The Cathedral of Lisbon has a Latin cross plan – it has three aisles, a transept (a transverse part that lies across the main body of the building), a main chapel, and an ambulatory that surrounds it.
With two towers flanking the entrance, the facade has a fortress-like appearance. The circular rose window stands out among all other elements adorning the facade. The portals are also decorated with capitals featuring Romanesque motifs.
At the end of the 13th century, some Gothic elements were added:
A Gothic cloister (which was damaged during the 1755 earthquake)
The Romanesque apse was replaced by a Gothic chapel (which was destroyed during the 1755 earthquake)
The ambulatory was adorned with three Gothic tombs
Later on, during the 17th century, Sé de Lisboa was decorated with a Baroque sacristy. After the 1755 earthquake, the chapel acquired a neoclassical and Rococo appearance. In the 20th century, however, the neoclassical elements were removed.
Lisbon Cathedral. Photo by Alvesgaspar (Wiki)
2. Cathedral of Braga
The Cathedral of Braga was likely finished in the 13th century.
Back then, its Western facade was fully Romanesque. Today, however, it looks completely different except for some capitals and archivolts. The portal on the Southern facade retains Romanesque elements, particularly on the tympanum and columns. The interior of the church has three aisles.
Although the chapels were Romanesque in style at first, they were subsequently rebuilt. The main chapel acquired a Manueline style, and the others were adorned with Baroque elements. The small chapel on the outside of the cathedral was likely kept in its initial Romanesque form.
Over the centuries, the nave (the central part of the church) of the Cathedral of Braga underwent several changes in terms of style. However, all these upgrades were removed in the 20th century, so the nave is now fully Romanesque.
Today, the Cathedral of Braga has Romanesque, Gothic, Manueline, Moorish, and Baroque decorations.
Braga Cathedral. Photo by Jose Goncalves (Wiki)
3. Porto Cathedral
The Cathedral of Porto is among the country’s most significant Romanesque treasures. Its construction began in the 12th century. The building wasn’t finished until the 16th century.
The cathedral has two square towers, each with two buttresses. The facade largely retains its original Romanesque appearance, although some modifications were done over the years. It lacks outstanding decorations, except for the Baroque porch and the rose window adorned with Romanesque elements.
Like the nave of the Braga Cathedral, the nave of the Porto Cathedral is Romanesque in style – it is narrow and covered by barrel vaulting and flanked by two aisles. The central aisle is covered by a stone roof, which, in turn, is supported by flying buttresses – all Romanesque in style.
Porto Cathedral. Photo by Wendell Adriel (Unsplash)
4. The Old Cathedral of Coimbra
The construction of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra was likely overseen by the same architect who oversaw the construction of Lisbon Cathedral, which is why the two have quite a similar appearance.
However, the building in Coimbra surpasses the one in Lisbon in terms of Romanesque elements and preservation. It is, in fact, the only building in Portugal that has retained much of its original elements.
The Old Cathedral in Coimbra has a fortress-like exterior. It has high crenelated walls, narrow windows, and a tower-like structure in the center of the Western facade. The portal and the window on the facade are Romanesque in style and feature some Arabic and Pre-Romanesque motifs. The facade is also adorned with thick buttresses.
The North facade has a Renaissance portal, which was built in the 16th century. The main chapel is Romanesque, as is the northern one. The southern chapel was rebuilt in a Renaissance style. The roof lantern one can see over the transept features Romanesque and Baroque elements.
The nave of the Old Cathedral in Coimbra has two aisles. It is covered by barrel vaulting, while the lateral aisles are covered by groin vaults. The interior column capitals are decorated with vegetable, animal, and geometric motifs and patterns. The cathedral has around 380 heavily decorated capitals. Today, they are considered the most remarkable testament of Romanesque sculpture. The cloister was built sometime later, during the transition from Romanesque to Gothic, which is why it retains elements of both.
Coimbra Cathedral. Photo by Digitalsignal (Wiki)
5. The Round Church at the Convent of Christ
The Round Church at the Convent of Christ is predominantly Romanesque. It has a 16-side polygonal structure and features strong buttresses and round windows.
The interior has a round octagonal structure. The capitals of the columns are among the country’s few well-preserved Romanesque treasures. They feature vegetal and animal motifs, which may have been sculpted by the same artists who worked on the decorations of the Cathedral of Coimbra.
Photo by Kyle Magnuson (Wiki)
6. The Romanesque Church of Rates
The Monastery of Rates isn’t as renowned among tourists as other buildings we mentioned in our guide because it’s a hidden gem in Northern Portugal.
However, one cannot deny the importance of its church in our discussion – it is one of the oldest, most well-preserved churches in Portugal adorned with Romanesque elements.
The Church dedicated to St. Peter of Rates, also known as the Romanesque Church of Rates, has a fortress-like appearance, lacks heavy decorations, and features a Romanesque portal.
7. Church of Santa Eulalia of the Monastery of Arnoso
Yet another hidden gem – the Church of Santa Eulalia of the Monastery of Arnoso. It is located in Vila Nova de Famalicão in the Braga District.
The original building actually dates from the 7th century. However, it was destroyed in the 11th century by the Moors. Later on, King Garcia II ordered the reconstruction of the church. It was eventually rebuilt in a Romanesque style, which is preserved until the present times.
The church has a Romanesque nave, a barrel vault, a rectangular apse, and blind arches. The round arches on the wooden portal are decorated with geometric patterns and zoomorphic elements.
8. Domus Municipalis of Bragança
As mentioned earlier, churches weren’t the only structures built in a Romanesque style. Domus Municipalis of Bragança proves this – it is now one of the few buildings in Portugal whose Romanesque elements were preserved.
Some historians argue that the building may have served as a place for public meetings. Other specialists believe it may have actually been a cistern rather than a Municipal house. Whatever its purpose, one cannot deny that the structure is a Romanesque treasure.
It was likely built in the first half of the 13th century. The structure has an irregular pentagon shape and was built using granite blocks held together by mortar. The wooden roof is supported by three arches. The walls are thick, and the windows are small. Corbel decorations are also Romanesque.
Photo by Ángel M. Felicísimo (Wiki)
Other Romanesque Buildings in Portugal
If you have time and are interested in exploring the various dialects of the Portuguese Romanesque, we’ve prepared a list of landmarks that are worth checking out.
The Benedictine Monastery of Castro de Avelãs is located in Castro de Avelãs, 3 km away from Bragança. The church’s Romanesque elements are incredibly well-preserved, and the structure is an important historical landmark. Specialists argue that this particular building falls within the Mudejar expression of Romanesque architecture.
The Church of São Salvador is located in Bravães, Ponte da Barca, and features multiple Romanesque elements, particularly in its sculptures and portal. Its tympanum depicts Christ in the Glory of Heaven accompanied by two of His apostles. There’s also a figure of Mary and angel Gabriel.
The Castle of Pombal is located in Pombal, Leiria. It is a Romanesque fortress built in the 12th century.
The Church of São Vicente de Sousa is located in Felgueiras, Porto, and stands out as a major Romanesque monument.
The Monastery of Santa Maria de Pombeiro is located in Felgueiras, Porto, and is noticeably Romanesque in style. It is one of the most iconic Benedictine monasteries in Northern Portugal. The building is an example of the late Romanesque style combined with early Gothic floral motifs.
The Church of São Pedro de Ferreira is located in Ferreira, Porto. It has a single nave and a semi-circular transept. The decorations and sculptures of this church are of great diversity, featuring influences from the Braga Cathedral, as well as the Zamora Cathedral and the San Martin de Salamanca in Spain.
The Monastery of the Saviour of Paço de Sousa is located in Penafiel, Porto. It is an iconic monastery of the Benedictine Order. The church is an example of nationalized Romanesque, which combines pre-Romanesque elements and Romanesque motifs used in Porto and Coimbra.
Igreja de Santo André da Vila Boa de Quires is located in Marco de Canaveses in Northern Portugal. Its portal is similar to that of the above-mentioned church in Penafiel and features vegetal motifs, whereas the corbels are adorned with bovine heads.
The Church of Saint Mary is located in Sintra and is an excellent example of the architectural style that marked the transition between the Romanesque and the Gothic.
Almendres Cromlech is often considered one of the largest megalithic sites in Europe and one of the few archeological monuments in the world imprinted with marks carved by prehistoric peoples.
As such, if you’re visiting the country, don’t hesitate to add the Stonehenge in Portugal to your must-visit list. Are you an archeology enthusiast? Excellent! If you’re not, we’re sure you’ll be just as fascinated! Besides, the location has some breathtaking views over the surroundings, so you definitely won’t regret visiting it.
If you want to discover more about the history and purpose of this megalithic complex, keep reading! You’ll also learn how to get there and what other archeological sites Evora is home to.
Almendres Cromlech – History
Archeological discoveries in Portugal aren’t uncommon. After all, the region had human settlements as early as 400,000 years ago! This is confirmed by the oldest human fossil found in the country. It was a skull that had been deposited 400,000 years ago in the Cave of Aroeira in Santarem. Another fossil that sheds light on the human population of the Iberian Peninsula is a tooth found in Nova da Columbeira cave in Central Portugal.
Almendres Cromlech is located in the Alentejo region. During the early Neolithic era (1,000–4,500 BCE), when Almendres was built, this territory was probably inhabited by Mesolithic populations.
Like its English counterpart, Stonehenge, Almendres was built in several stages:
6th-5th millennium BCE – the construction of the triple-ringed stone circle; the largest ring had a diameter of 18.8 meters (61.7 feet), while the smallest had a diameter of 11.4 meters (34.7 feet).
5th-4th millennium BCE – the construction of a double-ringed ellipse built on the west side of the circle that had been built a millennium earlier; the largest ellipse was 43.6 meters (143 feet) at its widest side.
4th-3rd millennium BCE – alterations made to the original constructions, such as the carving of symbols on stones.
This archeological site was discovered only in the 20th century by Enrique Leonor Pinas. He was carrying out geological fieldwork when he stumbled upon this long-standing treasure. Excavation work was carried out for over four decades. At first, they were done under the supervision of Pinas. In the 1980s, the excavation was carried out by M. V. Gomes.
The discoveries were subsequently classified into Almendres I (built during the Early Neolithic), Almendres II (built during the Middle Neolithic), and Almendres III (built during the Late Neolithic) based on the details and periods mentioned above.
Almendres Cromlech – Appearance and Purpose
The Almendres Cromlech site has approximately 95 granite monoliths built in small clusters. Some are 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) tall, others are very small. The whole archeological site covers an area of approximately 70 by 40 meters (230 by 131 feet).
Among the engravings one can notice on the stones are crosiers (some of which are considered symbols of social prestige), zigzag patterns, crescents, phalli, cupmarks, lunar crescents, and curved figures.
If we use our imagination, we can outline various shapes these stones form. Phillip C. Lucas, for example, from Stetson University, states that the stones look like a round head on the trunk of a body if seen from the top. If seen as an ellipse, one could assume that the structures resemble a planet orbiting a central point.
The site likely served for various purposes over the years:
It may have been used for socio-religious rituals.
It may have been the place where tribes gathered together on important days.
It may have been used for astronomical observations. This has been suggested by the archaeo-astronomer Pedro Alvim, who noticed that the archeological site’s orientation is toward the two annual equinoxes.
It is often argued that the population that had built the site formed a lunar/goddess or solar/god religious group.
Particular archeological details suggest a link with fertility deities.
Photo by Reino Baptista (Wiki)
Portugal’s Stonehenge – Location
Almendres, often called Portugal’s Stonehenge, is located in the Evora district on the Herdade do Almendres estate. It is approximately 12 km (7.5 miles) away from the city of Evora. More precisely, you can get there by driving on the national roadway stretching from Evora to Montemor-o-Novo.
During the latest stage of the excavations, the archeologists oversaw the construction of the pedestrian trail that is now part of the municipality’s megalithic route. The trail takes visitors to other archeological treasures besides Almendres.
Other Archeological Sites in Evora
If you’re in Evora and want to visit other archeological sites, make sure to check these out!
Anta Grande do Zambujeiro
Anta Grande do Zambujeiro, which translates as “Great Dolmen of Zambujeiro,” is located in Nossa Senhora da Tourega, Evora. It is a collective funerary monument (dolmens were once used to bury the dead), and one of the biggest sites of this kind in the Iberian peninsula.
The Anta Grande do Zambujeiro structures were likely built less than 6000 years ago. They were discovered during the excavations carried out by Pinas, who also discovered Almendres Cromlech. At the same site, specialists recovered prehistoric necklaces, crosiers, ceramics, and copper objects.
Photo by Nemracc (Wiki)
Alto de São Bento Viewpoint
The Alto de São Bento viewpoint takes us 7000 years back in time, unraveling the lives of our ancestors and the origins of the historic city of Evora. The site has several reconstructed windmills and spectacular views over the surroundings. It is, in fact, a favorite spot in Evora among both locals and tourists!
Megalithica Ebora
Megalithica Ebora is located in the Village of Guadalupe. It is a center dedicated to preserving and sharing information about the region’s archeological heritage. Megalithica Ebora organizes regular educational activities and workshops focused on prehistory and experimental archeology.
Evora Megalithic Tour
If you’re eager to visit the region and explore its prehistory but don’t have a car, you can book this Evora Megalithic Tour that takes you to:
Almendres Cromlech
Almendres Menhir
Alto de São Bento viewpoint
You can also book a Megalithic Tour + Evora Guided Visit, which adds to your route:
St. Francisco Church
The Bones Chapel
Giraldo Square
Graca Convent and Church
Roman Baths
Domus Municipalis
Santa Isabel city gate
The Moorish Quarter
Água de Prata Aqueduct
The Roman Temple
The Cathedrals
Moura city gate
Espirito Santo Church
Evora University
These tours can also include transportation from Lisbon to Evora and back if you can’t get there by yourself. If you need transportation from other regions in the Alentejo, you can contact the company and ask for a quote.
The prices vary depending on how you customize your tour. For example, the Megalithic Tour + Evora Guided Visit costs 200 EUR. If you also need transportation from Lisbon to Evora, it costs 370 EUR. Click here for further price details.
The tours are private, and the local guides usually speak English, Spanish, or Portuguese.
Luís Montenegro challenged the Socialist Party (former majority Government) to say whether it would be the ‘democratic opposition’, or a ‘blockage to democracy’.
The new Prime Minister does not seem interested in semantic games or sterile political exercises. He says he is here to rule, and challenges the second biggest political power (the Socialist Party), to assume its role unambiguously.
Montenegro hopes that the other political parties understand their role as opposing forces and choose not to block the program of the new Government just for the sake of blocking. He believes that not rejecting his program does not merely mean letting it start, but that it means letting it start and helping it work by debating and adding value (as a democratic opposition).
The call was directed at the second biggest force, but it was extended to everyone. According to the Prime Minister, what the country needs is to move forward, not to remain stagnated.
Hence, in his first speech as Prime Minister, Luís Montenegro called out the other elements of the Parliament and appealed to their common sense. He stressed that not rejecting his program does not mean a ‘blank check’, but that it does not also mean a ‘bad check’. He asked every single one of them to be authentic when it comes to assuming a position.
Furthermore, the new Prime Minister also stated that he will move forward with his promises of decreasing the tax burden, increasing salaries and pensions, restructuring the public services, and modernizing the State, but that he will not do so under the shade of a Budget surplus. Instead, he will fulfill his promises by leveraging a more productive and competitive economy, and a renewed and more efficient State.
Note that, in his swearing-in ceremony, the new Portuguese Prime Minister stated that ‘this Government is here to rule for the whole legislative period’ (4 years and a half), and that, even though he made no significant changes to the organics so that it could start working right away, ‘it is here to perform a structural transformation of both the economy and the State’.
The new Portuguese Prime Minister took office this Tuesday, April 2. After presenting the proposal for the organics and the composition of his Government, which was accepted by the Portuguese President of the Republic, the head of the Democratic Alliance (AD) and Social Democratic Party (PSD) officially became Prime Minister.
Moreover, the 17 elements chosen and presented to the President as the composition of the new Government became Ministers. When it comes to the Secretaries of State, the date for taking office is today.
The swearing-in ceremony was held in Belém, at the official residence of the President, and had 150 guests, among which was the former Prime Minister, António Costa. Every political party leader was invited, however, not all went.
The right-wing leaders went, but all of the left-wing leaders chose not to show up. This, according to experts, may be a sign that the new Government is in a somewhat difficult position, considering that it does not have a majority and that it will be obliged to work with the other parties.
When it comes to the Ministers, most of them are politicians from Luis Montenegro’s close circle. Notwithstanding, as a way of showing proximity to civil society, the new Prime Minister also nominated independent academics. There are 11 politicians, 5 academics, and 1 judge. Out of the 17, 7 elements are women.
The Ministers will all have conditions to start working right away. According to the new Prime Minister, the objective was to not make profound changes that would hinder the possibility of moving forward immediately. For that reason, Luís Montenegro designed the organics of his Government similarly to the one of the former Government.
It is relevant to note that the new Government will operate with the State Budget that was approved for the former Government. There won’t be the need for a correction, which was the objective of the President when he dealt with the resignation of the former Prime Minister, and currently, consequently, also of the new Prime Minister. This means that it will be possible to maintain a certain degree of stability, whilst starting to work towards what is best for the country.
Following the plan of the new Prime Minister and the necessities of the country, the first priorities are the acceleration of the Recuperation and Resilience Plan (PRR), the implementation of the health emergency plan, and the phased defrosting of teacher’s careers.
It may be important to consider, as an informative side note, that the majority of the minority Governments in Portugal (six out of eight), did not serve their 4-year term until the end.
With summer just around the corner, it’s time to get ready for an amazing lineup of artists from around the world all descending on the enchanting country of Portugal to light up the stages. From the buzzing cities of Lisbon and Porto to the beachside vibes of the Algarve and hilltop mountain villages of the Alentejo, you are truly spoiled for choice when it comes to summer music festivals in Portugal. Let’s dive into 10 of our favorites below and get ready for one amazing summer!
1. NOS Primavera Sound
When – June 6-8 2024 Where – Parque da Cidade, Porto Tickets – General 3 Day Admission = 175€, VIP Tickets are already sold out
This large and popular music festival takes place over three days in the Parque da Cidade (City Park) in Porto each June, bringing an incredible line-up of national and international artists playing across several stages. In 2024, SZA, PJ Harvey, Lana Del Rey, Pulp, and the National are scheduled to headline. Due to the popularity of NOS Primavera Sound, try to book your accommodation well in advance.
Porto Convention & Visitors Bureau, NOS Primavera Sound, Flickr
2. Rock in Rio 2024
When – June 15-16, 22-23 2024 Where – Parque Tejo, Lisbon Tickets – A daily pass costs 84€ and a weekend pass is 147€. VIP tickets are also available.
Rock in Rio started in Brazil and has become the largest music festival in the world. For the last 20 years, it has hosted a lineup in Lisbon every two years. In 2024, Rock in Rio will take place over two weekends with Evanescence, Jonas Brothers, Scorpions, Dojo Cat, and Ed Sheeran scheduled to perform along with many others!
Rock in Rio Lisboa, Flickr
3. Waking Life
When – June 19-24, 2024 Where – Crato, Portugal (about a 2.5 hour drive from Lisbon) Tickets – Regular participation tickets are available for 250€ in addition to a 10€ refundable waste deposit
If you’d like to get deep into the Portuguese countryside and immerse yourself in art and music of many varieties, this well-organized, six-day festival that celebrates creation and experimentation just might be for you. With multiple stages set up around a large lake and several days of camping involved, this is an experience you won’t soon forget. Don’t worry about going hungry. There are several types of food vendors set up around the space along with shower facilities.
4. NOS Alive
When – July 11-13, 2024 Where – Passeio Marítimo de Algés, Lisbon Tickets – Tickets for July 13 are already sold out, but you can still get tickets for July 11 and July 12 for 79€.
NOS Alive is one of the more popular summer music festivals in Portugal due to its proximity to central Lisbon and its ever-exciting lineup. 2024 will see The Smashing Pumpkins, Jessie Ware, Dua Lipa, Sofi Tukker, and many more. Despite its popularity, NOS Alive is known for being incredibly organized. Just be sure to stay hydrated, as it can get quite hot in Lisbon by July.
NOS Alive, RTP, Flickr
5. Cool Jazz
When – July 9-10, 19, 26-27, 30-31, 2024 Where – Cascais at the Hipódromo Manuel Possolo, 30 minutes west of Lisbon Tickets – Tickets start at 30€ for standing in the grass and go up to 55€ for the Gold Zone.
Cool Jazz plays over seven different nights throughout July in the gorgeous gardens of Cascais, a short 30-minute drive or train ride from Lisbon. Artists including Air, Chaka Khan, Diana Krall, Dino D’Santiago, and Fat Freddy’s Drop have already been announced. Cool Jazz has three concerts per night. It starts at 8:00 pm with the Cascais Jazz Sessions by Smooth FM. Then, the first concert begins on the main stage followed by the final grand concert.
6. Super Bock Super Rock
When – July 18-20, 2024 Where – Meco Beach, a 40-minute drive south of Lisbon Tickets– Daily tickets start at 72€ for access to the venue and 154€ for daily concerts + camping. Golden Circle (VIP) tickets start at 154€ without camping and 279€ with camping.
2021 Eurovision champions Måneskin are headlining on July 18 while 21 Savage and Black Coffee are performing on July 19. More artists for July 20 remain to be announced. This is another great option if you’re staying in the Lisbon area, as it’s easy to take direct buses to the venue or even splurge on a ride-share, which will only run you about 30€ one-way per car. You can choose to camp here or just come down each day.
Super Bock Super Rock, RTP, Flickr
7. Marvão International Music Festival
When – July 19-28, 2024 Where – Marvão in the Alentejo (about 2 hours and 45 minutes by car from Lisbon) Tickets– Ticket costs vary by day, with prices starting at 25€
Deep in the Aletenjo lies the beautiful town of Marvão. Enjoy classical music and dance in stunning open-air venues over ten days in this hilltop village. Due to the small size of the town, be sure to book your accommodation well in advance if you are planning to attend one of the evening performances. Several other performances begin at 11:00 am, so plan accordingly.
Playing at the Marvão International Music Festival, Hong Kong Sinfonietta, Flickr
8. EDP Vilar de Mouros 2024
When – August 21-24, 2024 Where – Vilar de Mouros, Caminha (about 1 hour north of Porto) Tickets– Daily tickets cost 53.50€
EDP is a rock festival held in Vilar de Mouros, one hour north of Porto every August. It is the oldest festival in Iberia, with its first edition held in 1971. Last year’s festival sold out two of its days, so don’t procrastinate on buying your tickets if you want to attend. Queens of the Stone Age are the only performers that have been announced for 2024 thus far, with many more to join in the next couple of months.
Photo taken in 1971. Photo by EDP Vilar de Mouros IG @edpvilardemouros
9. MEO Kalorama
When – August 29-31, 2024 Where – Parque da Bela Vista, Lisbon Tickets– You can grab a 3-day pass for 145€
Heading back to Central Lisbon, MEO Kalorama is an exciting way to end the summer. In 2024, Sam Smith, Massive Attack, LCD Soundsystem, Peggy Gou, Jungle, and many more will play in Parque da Bela Vista. With such a large lineup at a popular time for tourists to visit the city, you may want to book your accommodation well in advance.
Meo Kalorama 2022, Festivals, Flickr
10. Eco Festival Azores Burning Summer
When – August 30-31, 2024 Where – Parque dos Moinhos, São Miguel, Açores Tickets– You can grab a daily ticket pass for 20€ and both days for 30€
If you’re not feeling like being in Lisbon for the final weekend in August, splurge on a flight to the Azorean island of São Miguel for the 10th edition of this Portuguese summer music festival. Moullinex and Mayra Andrade are set to headline this summer festival which is a wonderful combination of music, community, and nature. We recommend spending a few more days hiking some beautiful trails, visiting the hot springs, and trying some delicious seafood in the area.
Off the coast of Peniche, one of Portugal’s most popular seaside locations lies the Berlengas archipelago. The largest and the only inhabited island, Berlenga Grande, is a haven of light, bright colors, history, geology, and nature. Any traveler coming to Portugal who has the opportunity and means to visit Berlenga Grande should not even hesitate to do so!
Keep reading to learn more about the history of the archipelago, discover why you should add it to your must-visit list, and check out some helpful tips on how to get there!
The Berlengas – History
In the first millennium BC, Phoenicians (an ancient Semitic civilization) regarded Berlenga Island as a sacred location. There, Phoenicians celebrated the cult of Baal-Melqart, a tutelary god of Tyre, a Phoenician city.
Various other tales are linked to the Berlengas – starting from the Romans, whose remains allegedly rest in the waters surrounding the islands, and ending with pirates coming to the island to capture monks.
The Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga
In the 16th century, Berlenga Grande was inhabited by a monk community, sent there by Queen Eleanor of Viseu, who supported their establishment. Their settlement had the goal of assisting navigation and helping victims in case of shipwrecks – considering the territory’s geography, accidents were quite common.
They built the Monastery of the Misericórdia da Berlenga, where the monk community lived for 35 years. Although seemingly a quiet location, the word goes that the monks were often attacked by Algerian, English, Moroccan, and French pirates. Apparently, the pirates captured the monks and sent them to North Africa.
Other stories say that the monks were forced to abandon the island when the territory was invaded by disease. They also lacked supplies, and above all, communication was poor, thus the chances of survival were very low.
Either way, the monastery remained in ruins after the monks had left. Today, visitors can find the Mesa da Ilha Restaurant in the same place where the monastery stood.
Photo by Sir. Simo (Unsplash)
The Berlengas – a Portuguese Military Shield
The complexity of the territory’s history doesn’t end with the monks’ abandonment of the monastery. Considering its excellent position in defending the Portuguese territory, the islands often served for military purposes.
For example, shortly after the monks had left, King John IV of Portugal ordered the construction of the Fort of São João Baptista das Berlengas using the ruins left from the monastery.
Its primary goal at the time was to protect the country from the invasion of a Spanish fleet commanded by Diego de Ibarra. It was sent to kidnap Queen Maria Francisca of Savoy right before her marriage with King Afonso VI of Portugal. This battle is now known as the Battle of Berlengas.
After this, the island and its fort served as military protection during other attacks, particularly during the French invasion and the Liberal Wars, known as the Portuguese Civil War.
Today, the Berlengas are included in UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves, which covers protected areas essential in outlining humans’ relationship with nature.
6 Reasons to Visit the Berlengas
Has the rich history of the Berlengas already convinced you to visit the archipelago? If so, we’re glad it did! If not, we’re not giving up! We’ve found thevery details that make this oasis worth visiting! Keep reading to learn everything about them!
1. A Geographical and Geological Sanctuary
The Berlengas are usually divided into Berlenga Grande and two groups of islets – the Farilhões-Forcados Islets and the Estelas Islets.
Berlenga Grande is the only inhabited island in the archipelago. It stretches for only 1.5 km long and is about 0.8 km wide, with a maximum altitude of 88 meters above sea level.
Besides being surrounded by azure waters that shine brilliantly under the blinding sun rays, the island is adorned with multiple caves open for visitors. Gruta Azul and FuradoGrande are by far the most renowned, the latter being 70 meters wide and crossing the whole island.
The famous military fort discussed above is also found on Berlenga Grande, more precisely on its southeastern coast, having been built on a small islet linked to Berlenga Grande by an arch-bridge.
Besides Berlenga Grandes’ richness in terms of caves and openings to splendid oceanic views, it is also quite a popular gem among geologists due to its pink granite, which is very rare in Europe. The study of the so-called pink granite plateau of Berlenga Island stands as proof of how the landforms have changed over time, having been shaped by various erosive processes.
In short, even if you’re not a geologist, you’ll delight in the incredible landscape of Berlenga Grande, which is ensured by complex geological forms!
2. Wildlife Diversity
Any wildlife enthusiast will have a great time on Berlenga Grande exploring its wildlife. The island is mostly covered in bushes and grasses. It has some botanical gems to check out if that’s something you’re interested in.
For example, Armeria belengesis, a flowering plant part of the thrift and sea pink group, is endemic to the Berlengas, meaning it grows only in the Portuguese archipelago, thriving on rocky granitic slopes. The gorgeous shrub flowers in April and May, unraveling its round, pale pink inflorescences.
Another plant endemic to the islands is Pulicaria microcephala, a small flowering species growing on coastal cliffs that blooms between March and July, revealing incredibly beautiful yellow flowers!
There aren’t too many land animals on Berlenga Grande, except for two lizard species, which are rarely spotted because they usually hide in caves. However, if you do spot one of them, you’ll have quite a view, as both species are incredibly unique! The island is also home to two mammals – the wild rabbit and the black rat.
Berlengas. Photo by Andras Kovacs (Unsplash)
A Birdwatching Destination
A 1-day trip for bird watchers, on the other hand, probably will not suffice!
Did you know that the Berlengas archipelago is among the most important breeding areas for several key seabird species. Among them are the lesser black-backed gull and the yellow-legged gull.
Another species, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, is known as the crested cormorant. It is a year-round resident of the archipelago and nests on the cliffs.
However, the species that stands out among the others is Uria aalge. It is also called common murre, which is a seabird that looks almost like a penguin! The common murre is a symbol of the Berlengas Natural Reserve. Unfortunately, its population is steadily declining.
On the other hand, there’s an essential thing to consider. As rich as the reserve’s wildlife is, as protected it needs to remain. The visitors are advised to walk only on the marked paths.
If you’re visiting the island during the breeding season, beware of the birds. Nesting birds can become extremely aggressive while protecting their eggs or babies. As such, we strongly recommend observing the birds from afar.
3. Scuba Diving
Well, enough about terrestrial wildlife, right?! Let’s turn to the incredibly rich and awe-striking fauna of the waters surrounding the Berlengas! Naturally, observing the underwater creatures would be impossible from ashore.
Luckily, for those who are not afraid of a little adventure, scuba diving is now an option on the Berlengas! Or maybe that’s exactly what you’ve been looking for while choosing this destination, as you’re already a scuba diving expert!
Either way, you’ll have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to observe the amalgamation of marine fauna and flora species originating from various places. The Berlengas waters are rich in species like the sea bass, the common two-banded sea bream, the ballan wrasse, the red porgy, the gilt-head bream, the sardine, and the dusky grouper.
Marine mammals are quite common as well, particularly species like the common dolphin, the harbor porpoise, the striped dolphin, the common bottlenose dolphin, the Cuvier’s beaked whale, and the common minke whale!
Furthermore, the waters of the Berlengas have quite a few sea caves that provide refuge for many species, making them captivating destinations in terms of marine biodiversity. In this regard, there are a few dives you can choose from:
Parede de Rabo de Asno
Flandres
Quebradas
Primavera
Baía do Cerro do Cão
Vapor do Trigo – Andreos
Rinchão
Parede Rinchoa
You’ll have to book your scuba diving experience beforehand. Even if it’s your first time, you can still try it out. You’ll have an experienced and certified diving instructor who will teach you everything you need to know. Diving bookings also include high-quality diving gear and a scuba tank. Some may also include a light lunch.
If you’re not up for diving, you can try snorkeling, particularly at Praia do Carreiro do Mosteiro. Kayaking is also an option. It is, in fact, the only way to explore the caves independently.
Photo by Bobbi Wu (Unsplash)
4. Hiking, Sunbathing, and Camping
If you’re not visiting the island for its terrestrial and marine fauna, you can simply enjoy the tranquility and the natural marvels of Berlenga Grande. It is truly an oasis of beautiful landscapes!
There are two hiking trails you can follow:
Ilha Velha Trail, which is 1 km long and takes you to Melréu, Buzinas, Pedra Negra, and Carreiro dos Cações
Berlenga Trail, which is also 1 km long and takes you to Cisterns, LightHouse, S. João Baptista Fort, and Cova do Sono.
In short, there are plenty of hidden spots where you can just rest and reconnect with nature as never before!
You can either walk the island by yourself or book one of the available tours. Don’t forget that if you want to visit the caves, you’ll definitely have to book a tour, as they are not accessible otherwise.
For instance, some tours offer a roundtrip to the Berlengas archipelago on a glass-bottom boat. Once there, you’ll enjoy an excursion around the island with your group, visiting the caves and resting on the beach. The advantage of booking a tour is that you’ll have the opportunity to ask the guide anything related to the history or geography of the archipelago.
Berlengas. Photo by Sophie Laurent (Unsplash)
Now, let’s focus on the beaches. The most popular beach on Berlenga Grande is Praia do Carreiro do Mosteiro hidden between two large dramatic cliffs and opening to the brightest turquoise waters you’ll ever see! Swimming there is also allowed.
There are other smaller beaches (Praia Cova do Sonho or Praia do Forte), although their sand almost disappears at high tide.
The next amazing thing is that campsites are also available! Pack your bags, dear camping enthusiasts, and enjoy the best time of your lives on Berlenga Grande!
5. Restaurante Mesa da Ilha
Since Berlenga tours usually last a couple of hours, you may want to take a break at one point, especially in the summer, when the afternoon heat is overwhelming. So, why not have a drink or enjoy a delicious lunch at Restaurante Mesa da Ilha?!
Built in 1953, the restaurant is adorned with a rich history, having been constructed exactly where the monks once lived. Its specialties are prepared with fresh fish caught by local fishermen living in Bairro dos Pescadores – of course!
Therefore, you won’t only eat your lunch while enjoying one of the world’s most charming landscapes! You’ll also delight in an authentic Portuguese dish that will make you want to return there as soon as possible!
The restaurant serves various fish dishes, mussels, clams, shrimp, as well as the famous goose barnacles. The menu also includes steaks and the chef-style rabbit dish.
6. Staying Overnight
If staying overnight on Berlenga Grande sounds like something you might enjoy, you can book your room at Restaurante Mesa da Ilha or the Fort of São João Baptista. This way, you’ll have the unique opportunity to watch the sun setting while indulging in a glass of Portuguese wine and to sip your morning espresso surrounded by crystal-clear, azure waters and the spectacular granite landscape.
Restaurante Mesa da Ilha has five rooms with private bathrooms, as well as a terrace overlooking the ocean and the geological formations. So, if you plan to stay overnight, don’t forget to book your room at least a few months ahead. The Fort of São João Baptista accommodation is slightly more inconvenient because you’ll have to bring your own sheets and pillowcases. There are 13 rooms and a communal kitchen.
Best Time to Visit the Berlengas
If you decide to visit the Berlengas, we strongly recommend planning your trip at least a few months ahead and choosing your dates wisely.
The first thing to consider is that the island may not be accessible at all times. To get there, you’ll have to take a boat from Peniche (see details below). The boats’ schedule may be interrupted during the autumn or winter. In this situation, your only option would be to contact local boat companies. They’ll confirm whether it is possible to arrange a trip or not.
Another thing you should take into consideration is the weather. It can get quite cold on Berlenga Grande during the winter, especially if the winds are strong. Strong winds are definitely not uncommon in Portugal.
As such, our recommendation is to schedule your trip sometime between April and September. This way, you’ll avoid any risks or unpleasant surprises that can ruin your experience.
If you’re visiting in July or August, you should equip yourself with as much sun protection as possible. You can even bring a sun umbrella. Don’t forget that the island is covered mostly in shrubs and grasses, so there’s little shade. The boats leave in the morning and return in the evening. Therefore, you’ll be on the island when the sun is at its highest.
How to Get to Berlenga Grande?
To get to Berlenga Grande, you should first get to Peniche. Here’s how to get there from Lisbon and Porto, two of the most popular destinations in Portugal:
Lisbon
Peniche is quite accessible from Lisbon. If you’ve rented a car, it should only take approximately one and a half hours to get to Peniche from Lisbon.
If you don’t have a car, you can always travel by train, which is a very comfortable option in Portugal. Lisbon has multiple trains a day heading toward Peniche. You can check their schedules on the official website of Comboios de Portugal.
Another way to reach Peniche is by taking the bus from Lisboa Sete Rios. The first one leaves at 8:30 a.m. and costs 9 EUR.
Porto
Getting to Peniche from Porto is a bit more complicated. First, it is a bit farther away – it usually takes drivers 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Peniche from Porto. The trains and the buses usually require at least one transfer and, therefore, are more time-consuming.
There’s only one direct Porto-Peniche bus leaving Campo 24 de Agosto bus terminal. It leaves at 4:30 p.m., arrives at 9:10 p.m., and costs 23 EUR. You can check all the details on the Rede de Expressos website.
The Peniche-Berlengas-Peniche Boats
Once you arrive in Peniche, you’ll have to take a boat to the Berlengas. You can do so by either booking a guided tour, which may include local activities (hiking, cave tours, etc.), or buying a two-way boat ticket, which will allow you to explore the island by yourself.
Several companies can take you to the Berlengas, although the Cabo Avelar Pessoa ship from Viamar is the most popular (and busiest!). Here’s the Viamar schedule:
May: the boat leaves at 11 a.m. and returns at 5 p.m.
1 June – 12 July and 9 September – 30 September: from Monday to Friday, it leaves at 11 p.m. and returns at 5 p.m.; on Weekends it leaves at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., and returns at 4 p.m. or 6 p.m.
13 July – 8 September: the boat leaves at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. and returns at 4 p.m. or 6 p.m.
During the low season, a two-way ticket costs 17 EUR for adults and 12 EUR for children between 4 and 12 years old. During peak season, adult tickets can go up to 30 EUR, whereas the tickets for children are 15 EUR. Children under three years old do not require a ticket.
If you want to stay overnight, you’ll have to buy a one-way ticket, which costs 12 EUR during the low season and 18 EUR during peak season.
Another important thing you should know is that Berlenga Grande accepts a limited number of visitors per day. It is a Natural Biosphere Reserve, and visitors are required to register and pay an access fee before entering the island.
The Berlengas pass can be obtained on the official website. Don’t forget that the company selling the boat tickets is not responsible for your entry pass.
Besides Viamar, 24 other vessels operate the Peniche-Berlengas-Peniche route, and some may have a schedule outside May-September. Also, bear in mind that outside these months, the restaurants may be closed.
Some Tips for Visiting the Berlengas
Visiting an almost uninhabited island can be quite tricky. It has indeed become a popular tourist attraction in recent years. Nonetheless, you cannot enjoy the same liberty you have in a city. Everything must be planned months ahead to avoid any unpleasant surprises. As such, here are some things we recommend:
Bring food and drinking water with you. Berlenga Grande does have some restaurants and cafes. Still, we strongly recommend packing something to eat and drinking water. First, you may not find a table at the restaurant because they’re usually quite crowded, especially during peak season. Secondly, you don’t know if there’s going to be enough time to have lunch at the restaurant if you have a return ticket. Nonetheless, if you forget any essential supplies, there’s no need to panic. You can check if the mini-market Castelinho or the mini-market at Fort of São João Baptista has what you’re looking for.
Bring cash. There are no ATMs on the island, and you cannot pay with a credit card.
Take a pill if you know you get seasick. The trip from Peniche to the Berlengas usually takes only 30 minutes. However, it’s important to consider that the weather and the winds may strongly affect (even lengthen) your trip. If you know that you usually get seasick, you should ask your doctor to recommend a sea sickness pill.
Reserve one or two days for Peniche. If you’re staying in Lisbon, Porto, or another city in Portugal and plan to visit the Berlengas, we recommend arriving in Peniche at least one day before your star trip. This way, you’ll avoid the hurry on the morning of your journey. Besides, Peniche is quite a fascinating location in itself, so you may even want to extend your stay afterward!
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