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National Museum of Ancient Art

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National Museum of Ancient Art

Are you a museumgoer? Are you planning to visit Lisbon soon? Perfect! We’ve been expecting you! We’ve prepared quite a comprehensive guide about the National Museum of Ancient Art that will undoubtedly spark your curiosity!

Keep reading to learn some details about the museum’s history and the most significant art pieces in its collection! We’ve also included information about the location, hours, and prices. As a bonus, you’ll discover what else you can visit in the region after finishing your museum tour!

National Museum of Ancient Art – History

The roots of the National Museum of Ancient Art (Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga – MNAA) can be traced back to the beginning of the 19th century.

Back then, religious orders were abolished, and religious artwork was brought into the public sphere. The art pieces were gathered in a deposit in Lisbon until the authorities would decide what to do with the collection, which included primarily paintings. Many of those paintings had been greatly damaged. Some had even been lost on the way to the Lisbon deposit. Nonetheless, the collection was quite impressive.

In 1836, The Academy of Fine Arts was established, and shortly after, the Academy founded the National Gallery of Painting. Over the years, the gallery acquired numerous other pieces of art, particularly in the aftermath of the Portuguese Liberal Wars when some private art collections were expropriated.

In 1884, the government purchased the Janelas Verde Palace and established the National Museum of Fine Arts there. At that time, the collection that is now on display at the National Museum of Ancient Art was on display in that museum. The same museum collection included the artworks we can now see in the National Museum of Contemporary Art.

They remained one single collection until the government decree issued on the 26th of May 1911, following the 1910 revolution, which aimed at overthrowing the Portuguese monarchy and replacing it with the First Portuguese Republic. After this, the National Museum of Fine Arts split into the National Museum of Ancient Art and the National Museum of Contemporary Art. The former kept all artworks signed before 1850 and remained in the Janelas Verdes palace.

National Museum of Ancient Art – Collection Highlights

Today, the National Museum of Ancient Art has over 40,000 artworks! Paintings, sculptures, ceramics, textiles, drawings, and prints – all these are on display for art enthusiasts! The museum has furniture and gold/silverware collections, as well as pieces of art associated with the Portuguese Discoveries.

Photo by Vitor Oliveira

The collection includes artworks signed by both Portuguese and foreign artists, including:

  • Nuno Gonçalves
  • Jorge Afonso
  • Francisco de Holanda
  • Francisco Henriques
  • Francisco Vieira
  • Jacob Adriaensz Backer
  • Hieronymus Bosch
  • David Gerard
  • Albrecht Duerer
  • Anthonis Mor
  • Francisco de Zurbaran
  • Francois Boucher
  • Andrea del Sarto.

If you want to discover some incredible details about the most significant artworks you’ll see on display, keep reading!

1. St. Vincent Panels

The St. Vincent Panels consist of six paintings possibly signed by Nuno Gonçalves. These artworks are highly praised in the country for their symbolic and cultural importance.

The paintings depict a group of 58 people gathered around St. Vincent. The whole artwork is an amalgamation of various social groups brought together for veneration shown to the patron of the Maghreb military expansion of the 15th century.

The panels are celebrated for their masterful portrayal of human figures – in terms of facial expressions, costumes, and accessories.

The St. Vincent Panels by Nuno Gonçalves. Public Domain.

2. Hell

Another painting displayed at the National Museum of Ancient Art that will likely catch your attention is Hell, executed probably sometime between 1510 and 1520. Unfortunately, the author of this artwork remains unknown.

As its title suggests, the painting depicts a medieval image of Hell. It incorporates various torments one can endure after committing deadly sins. 

3. Cross of Dom Sancho I

The Cross of Dom Sancho I dates from 1213. Like in the case of Hell, the creator of this remarkable all-gold piece remains unknown. However, specialists confirmed that the piece was commissioned by Dom Sancho I for the Mosteiro de Santa Cruz in Coimbra.

Besides being made of solid gold (which is remarkable enough already!), the cross is adorned with precious stones and pearls. The reverse of the cross displays some engravings, including a lamb, the symbol of death and sacrifice, as well as the symbols of the four evangelists: the lion of St. Mark, the eagle of St. John, the bull of St. Luke, and the angel of St. Matthew.

4. Belém Monstrance

The Belém Monstrance is probably one of the most famous pieces in the museum’s collection. Dating from 1506, it can possibly be attributed to Gil Vicente, a celebrated Portuguese goldsmith. The cross was commissioned by King Manuel I for the Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Belém.

The gold used for this artwork was brought from Kilwa (present-day Tanzania) to Portugal by Vasco da Gama. The king of Kilwa had sent the gold to Portugal as a sign of vassalage (a position of subordination).

Designed as a symbol for the veneration of the congregation, the monstrance is adorned with twelve apostles kneeling in the center. You can also notice a dove hovering above them, which is the symbol of the Holy Spirit. There’s also a figure of God holding the globe. As such, the monstrance is regarded as a representation of the Holy Trinity.

Additionally, one can also notice the emblem of King Manuel I. This is not surprising, after all. Most of the artworks and churches commissioned by him were marked by his emblem.

Belem Monstrance. Public Domain.

5. Table Centerpiece by Thomas Germain

One of the most praised artworks displayed at the National Museum of Ancient Art is the table centerpiece signed by Thomas Germain, a famous silversmith.

It was commissioned by the Duke of Aveiro likely in the context of the ritual service à la française instituted at the end of the 17th century. It is a remarkable silver piece that would take anyone’s breath away!

6. The Chinese Pot

The Chinese Pot probably dates from 1757-1600. It is one of the few examples of 16th-century Chinese export pottery. It bears the insignia of the Augustinian Order.

The decorations of the pot indicate that the artwork was likely created for a monastery, possibly Convento de Nossa Senhora da Graça in Macau, China.

The piece was purchased in 1959 from an art market in Amsterdam.

7. The Salt Cellar

The salt cellar is a unique piece originating from Africa’s west coast. It serves as evidence of the major cultural exchange that occurred during the Portuguese Discoveries.

The incomplete salt cellar dates from the 16th century and was likely created in Benin, Africa. The figures portrayed in this piece have remarkable physiognomic characteristics and costumes, which point to traditional African craftsmanship. Some of the textile patterns reproduced in this artwork are still seen in Nigeria.

8. The Namban Folding Screens

These spectacular pieces entitled the Namban Folding Screens attest to the relationship between Portugal and Japan. They depict the arrival of the Portuguese vessels in Nagasaki in 1543. The screens were likely created at the beginning of the 17th century and are among the few artistic documents that bring immense value to such a significant historical moment.

The Namban Folding Screens were created using wooden lattice, paper, gold leaf, silk, lacquer, and copper gilt.

A screen pair was purchased from an art market in Paris, while the other was acquired from Japan. One pair is attributed to Kano Naizen, while the second was likely created by Kano Domi.

9. Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist

An iconic painting signed by Lucas Cranach, Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist was created at the beginning of the 16th century. The artist, a contemporary of Albrecht Duerer and Grunewald, was part of the German Renaissance.

This artwork stands as proof of his mastery. It also marked the beginning of a series of other works focused on the power of women, thus contributing significantly to the exude eroticism that would become characteristic of Cranach’s works.

10. The Annunciation

Although purchased only recently, The Annunciation is probably one of the most notable pieces in the museum. It opened the doors to 15th-century Portuguese painting.

The painting dates from 1430-1434 and was executed by Álvaro Pires de Évora, a painter considered estrangeirado, meaning that he used foreign styles and traditions in his artwork. He is now regarded as one of the founding fathers of Portuguese painting.

The Annunciation was likely created at the end of the painter’s career and is a remarkable piece that serves as testimony to his impressive technique.

11. St. Jerome

St. Jerome, also known as St. Jerome in His Study, is an oil painting signed by Albrecht Duerer, yet another German Renaissance artist.

The painting was executed at the beginning of the 16th century when Duerer was living in the Netherlands. He then donated it to Rodrigo Fernandes de Almada, the head of the Portuguese trade mission in the Netherlands. The painting remained in his family’s possession until 1880. Afterwards, it was donated to the MNAA.

As its title suggests, the painting depicts St. Jerome, the patron saint of Christian humanists. It is considered one of his most accurate and detailed portraits.

12. Triptych of Temptation of St. Anthony

Triptych of Temptation of St. Anthony is an oil painting signed by Hieronymus Bosch, one of the most prominent painters of the Early Netherlandish school.

Divided into three wood panels, the painting depicts the spiritual torments endured by Anthony the Great, also known as Anthony of Egypt. The painting also portrays several fantastic images, and brings together air, earth, fire, and water – the four elements of the Universe.

The painting dates from the beginning of the 16th century.

Temptations of Saint Anthony. Public Domain.

National Museum of Ancient Art – Location, Hours, Tickets

The National Museum of Ancient Art is located on Rua das Janelas Verdes in Lisbon. If you’re using public transport, here are the routes that will take you to the museum:

  • Buses: 713, 714, 727, 728, 732, 760
  • Trams: 15E, 18E, 25E
  • Train: the Cascais Line
  • Metro: You can also take the metro line to the Rato station, but you’ll have to walk around 32 minutes to get to the museum

The National Museum of Ancient Art is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 10 am to 6 pm. However, some museum rooms have restricted access and may be closed. For example, the rooms on level two are closed between 1 pm and 2 pm.

The standard ticket costs 10 EUR. Nonetheless, if you purchase a family ticket for one adult and one child under 18 years, you’ll pay half the price. Seniors and young visitors under 24 can also benefit from a 50% discount. Children under 12, teachers, tourism workers, journalists, and other similar professionals can enter for free.

If you want to visit the exhibition entitled Shared Identities. Spanish painting in Portugal, you’ll have to get a separate ticket that costs 5 EUR. However, you can buy a joint one for 12 EUR.

The museum also has a restaurant that overlooks the river where you can enjoy a pleasant Portuguese lunch. It is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 10 am to 5:30 pm.

Must-Visit Places Close to MNAA

If you plan to visit MNAA, we recommend booking a whole day for that region, as there are other places you’ll want to check out!

For example, the museum is overlooking the river and is very close to the famous Ponte 25 de Abril. We strongly recommend scheduling a walk along the river towards the bridge (at sunset, if possible!), as the road opens up spectacular views!

You’ll find a myriad of restaurants and cafes there, so if you want to stop for lunch, dinner, or just a cup of coffee or a glass of wine, you’ll have plenty of choices!

Furthermore, the National Museum of Ancient Art is close to the Museum of the Orient. It was founded in 2008 to preserve the heritage of Asian countries and promote a fruitful collaboration between the East and the West.

This way, you’ll kill two birds with one stone! You’ll visit two of the most iconic museums in Lisbon on the same day and even get to have a romantic walk along the river!

If you prefer connecting with nature rather than going for a walk around the city, we recommend heading to Jardim dos Cactos, where you can delight in several cacti species and feel like you’ve stepped into the wild! Beware of the birds living there!

Jardim dos Cactos is part of a much larger park called Tapada das Necessidades, which is among the top green destinations in the city. There’s also a historical landmark in the park, Casa do Regalo, so you’ll have a complete trip – history, nature, and fun!

What is the Portuguese NIF and how does it work?

Becky Gillespie
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What is the Portuguese NIF and how does it work?

The Portuguese NIF, or Número de Identificação Fiscal, is Portugal’s taxpayer identification number. This nine-digit number is essential for various legal and financial activities within the country. The NIF is assigned to both nationals and foreigners and serves as a key identifier for tax purposes. This number is unique to each individual and remains unchanged throughout their lifetime.

This article delves into the background of the NIF, the application process, and its practical uses and benefits. Understanding the NIF is essential for anyone navigating the financial and legal landscape of Portugal and has become an indispensable part of life in Portugal.

The Background and Necessity of the NIF

The NIF began to be used in Portugal in 1989. Its introduction was driven by the need to enhance tax collection efficiency and combat evasion. Before the NIF, Portugal’s tax system relied on multiple identification numbers for different services, which led to confusion, inefficiencies, and downright tax evasion. The NIF unified these systems and provided a singular, comprehensive identifier for tax purposes.

This shift not only streamlined administrative processes but also significantly improved the government’s ability to monitor and enforce tax laws. By simplifying the tax identification process, the NIF has played a crucial role in modernizing Portugal’s fiscal infrastructure and bolstering its economy.

Obtaining a NIF for Residency Applications

Obtaining a NIF is the first, crucial step for those applying for residency in Portugal. It’s the first official document required in the residency process. This number is not just for tax purposes but also serves as a form of identification within the country, similar to the social security number in the USA.

Without a NIF, applicants will find it basically impossible to complete essential tasks like renting a home, setting up utility services, or opening a bank account, all of which are necessary for establishing residency.

The NIF also demonstrates an applicant’s intent to be integrated into the Portuguese fiscal system. It signals to authorities that you are committed to contributing to and participating in the country’s economy and society. For those seeking to make Portugal their home, you won’t get anywhere without first obtaining your NIF.  

How to Apply for a NIF

Applying for a NIF in Portugal is a straightforward process. Initially, individuals should visit a local tax office, known as Finanças, with their identification documents. For residents, this means a passport or ID card, and for non-residents, a passport and proof of address are required. Representation through a legal proxy is also an option for those abroad. Several companies have been set up to assist with this process when applicants are still overseas. The application can be completed in person or, in some cases, online for residents with a digital certificate.

Scott Graham, Unsplash

Upon submitting the necessary documents, the tax office processes the application. Typically, the NIF is issued immediately or within a few days. It’s important to keep this number secure, as it is used extensively in financial and legal transactions. For non-residents, obtaining a NIF is essential before engaging in activities like buying property or starting a business in Portugal. The process is designed to be accessible and ensures that everyone can participate in Portugal’s economy and society.

If you are considering becoming a Portuguese resident, start the NIF process as soon as possible as it won’t cost anything to hold on to it even if you don’t use it, and it may take longer than expected to receive the NIF in some cases.

When do you use the NIF in Portugal?

The NIF is used in various situations from opening a bank account to signing a lease. It is also necessary for employment and enrollment in the national health system. Essentially, any financial transaction or contract within Portugal mandates the use of the NIF. It is also required in interactions with government entities and private institutions.

When should I give my NIF number for purchases?

Any time that you need an invoice or a receipt issued, whether you’re at the dentist or paying for maintenance work on your house, you will need to give your NIF (You will often hear the phrase “número de contribuinte” at the counter, which signals that you need to provide your fiscal number). This is particularly relevant for high-value purchases.

Moreover, making purchases in various stores, whether for clothing, electronics, or services, commonly involves the option to include your NIF on receipts. At the grocery store, you’ll often be asked for your NIF at checkout, which enables the tracking of your spending for tax deduction purposes.

Similarly, ticket machines at train stations will ask for your NIF and McDonald’s kiosks offer the option to input your NIF for every order placed. The only places that do not commonly ask for your NIF are restaurants and coffee shops.  

Linking purchases to your NIF can facilitate warranty claims and returns. It’s not mandatory for everyday small transactions, but it’s a common practice for larger ones. This widespread practice not only facilitates potential tax benefits but also serves as an indication of your active participation in the Portuguese economy.

Regularly using your NIF underscores your residency status and contributes to the demonstration of your economic integration and presence in Portugal. Hence, carrying your NIF or memorizing it can speed up your time spent at the payment counter and also help you learn to count to ten in Portuguese.

Does giving my NIF help me save on taxes?

Yes, providing your NIF can give you some tax benefits. Portugal’s tax system allows deductions for certain expenses when they are associated with your NIF. These include health expenses, education costs, and general household expenditures. By compiling these expenses, individuals can potentially reduce their taxable income and save on their taxes.

Additionally, general consumer purchases, when registered with your NIF, contribute to the accumulation of deductible expenses, including certain percentages of VAT (Value Added Tax) on invoices for restaurants, repair services, and beauty services.

Portugal has a unique system known as “e-fatura” where taxpayers can track their expenses and associated tax deductions online. By logging into the official Finanças website and navigating to the e-fatura section, individuals can view their recorded purchases, validate invoices, and manage their personal finances with an eye towards optimizing tax deductions.

This digital tracking encourages transparency, facilitates easier management of tax-related affairs, and allows taxpayers to maximize their eligible deductions and potentially lower their tax payments.

We hope that you now have a better idea of the fundamental aspects of the Portuguese NIF and how it is used in your daily life in Portugal. It is a critical component in navigating Portugal’s financial, legal, and tax systems. Whether you’re engaging in daily transactions or dealing with larger financial issues, your NIF plays a pivotal role.

Once you become a resident in Portugal, we advise you to memorize your NIF as soon as possible or, at the very least, print out your NIF number on a laminated card that you can carry in your wallet to always have your number easily accessible.

Georgi Dyulgerov, Flickr

March was Earth’s 10th warmest consecutive month on record

manuelcpocas
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March was Earth’s 10th warmest consecutive month on record

March was Earth’s 10th warmest consecutive month on record.

Since June 2023, Earth has been breaking heat records every month. Last month (March 2024) was the 10th consecutive month of record breaking.

Consider that this data was made public by the European observation program Copernicus, which studies the Earth temperatures.

Moreover, the temperature of the air and of the oceans was also historically high. Last month’s average was 14.14 ºC, 0.10 ºC above the previous record, which was registered in 2016.

When it comes to the global sea surface temperature, the average was 21.07 ºC, 1.58 ºC above the base level (the base level is the temperature that was registered at the end of the 19th century, right before the exponential increase of the usage of fossil fuels).

According to scientists, this increase should not be a surprise. They believe it has a lot to do with El Niño, which is a climatic phenomenon that heats up the center of the Pacific and changes global climate patterns. This year’s El Niño was especially strong and led to high temperatures.

However, most climate scientists and activists pin the increase on human action and the consequent gas emissions. According to them, this is the main cause of global warming, and without real change, things will remain the same.

Note that, in 2015, with the Paris Agreement, the global community established the objective of limiting global warming to 1.5 ºC, or less above the base level.

Portuguese nurses will go on strike

manuelcpocas
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Portuguese nurses will go on strike

The Portuguese nurses publicly announced that they will be on strike for five days, in the end of April/beginning of May.

Several union structures have called for a collective strike during the end of this month and the beginning of the next one. It will take place on April 26, 29, and 30 and May 2 and 3. Among the requests are a need for salary and career reviews and the recruitment of more professionals.

Furthermore, the nurses also ask for a new evaluation and performance model – one that minimizes risk by being fair, transparent, and executable. Hopefully, this will diminish the wear and tear of the profession and facilitate its integration within the public services.

The strike will cover the public, private, and social sectors, depending on the days. On the first day (April 26), it will happen in the North. On the second day (April 29) in the Azores, and on the third day (April 30) in Madeira. Last but not least, the fourth and fifth days (May 2 and 3) will cover the Center and the South of Portugal.

Note, however, that minimum services will be provided. ERs (emergency rooms), intensive care, ORs (operating rooms), and some oncological treatments will still be active and in operation.

Romanesque Architecture in Portugal – Characteristics and Landmarks

mihaelagutu
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Romanesque Architecture in Portugal – Characteristics and Landmarks

Portugal is an incredibly rich country in terms of history and culture. Its territory is filled to the brim with awe-striking buildings that stand out as a testament to the country’s artistic identity!

Although Manueline is by far the most famous and sought-after style in the country, Romanesque architecture flourished in Portugal in the 12th century, so we definitely should not overlook it.

During that time, many Romanesque churches and monasteries were built. The development of this style was intertwined with the Portuguese participation in the Reconquista, which is why the buildings stand out not only as architectural monuments but also as significant historical landmarks.

Join us in this cultural journey of (re)discovering Portuguese Romanesque architecture!

Romanesque Architecture in Portugal

Romanesque architecture developed in medieval Europe, having been predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. It preceded the Gothic style.

The Romanesque style has its roots in Roman techniques. It developed simultaneously in Italy, France, and the Iberian Peninsula.

In Portugal, the Romanesque was predominant in recently conquered regions. They were likely more open to influences. As such, even though Romanesque influences arrived in Portugal at the end of the 11th century, it wasn’t until the second quarter of the 12th century that the style actually became popular.

It is believed that the Reconquista – a series of military campaigns waged by Christian kingdoms against the Muslim kingdoms – caused the increased use of Romanesque techniques in Portugal.

The Reconquista took place from the North to the South. If one were to follow a route of Romanesque architecture in Portugal, they’d notice that the North is abundant in Romanesque buildings, whereas the South has fewer landmarks. More precisely, Romanesque churches are very common in the Northwest and the Center.

The expansion of the Romanesque also coincided with the territory’s reorganization since many new parishes appeared in the 12th and 13th centuries. The churches were considered “the consecrating pole of the entire parish,” so it was only natural that so many were built during that period.

Afonso Henriques, also known as Afonso I and the Conqueror, was the first king of Portugal. It was during his reign that some of the most iconic Portuguese Romanesque constructions were built.

During his reign, Portugal was adorned with the famous cathedrals in Lisbon, Coimbra, Viseu, and Porto, as well as with the Monastery of Santa Cruz. It’s worth noting, however, that many of the original Romanesque decorations were lost over time. The Monastery of Santa Cruz, for example, was fully Romanesque at first, displaying French Romanesque influences. Over the years, the decorations were destroyed or replaced. Today, it is largely Manueline.

Romanesque Architecture – Characteristics

Although predominantly a religious architecture, the Romanesque style was also used for:

  • Townhouses
  • Domestic buildings
  • Military structures
  • Palaces
  • Commercial premises
  • Castles
  • City walls
  • Bridges

Here are some characteristics that are typical of the Romanesque:

  • Thick walls and small windows
  • Rectangular piers that support arches
  • Columns that serve for structural and decorative purposes
  • Corinthian capitals (round at the bottom and square at the top, sitting on a circular column) that supported an arch or a wall
  • Barrel, groin, ribbed, or pointed-arched vaults
  • Octagonal domes with corner squinches (triangular corners that support the dome base)
  • A Latin Cross plan
  • Symmetrical facades with two tall towers on each side and deeply recessed openings
  • A single portal placed on the west front
  • Lombard band arcades (rows of small arches supporting a roofline)
  • Aisles separated by arcades
  • Larger monasteries may have three aisles supported by columns or piers
  • Semicircular arches
  • Geometrical decorations
  • Figurative sculptures, particularly around cathedral and church portals; these are usually Biblical in subject or depict legends of local saints (particularly in Portugal) to teach people about virtues and sins; some Portuguese Romanesque buildings also feature mundane events, like musicians playing instruments, people dancing, or peasants planting crops.
  • Mural decorations
  • Stained glass
  • Corbels featuring human or animal heads, as well as imaginary beasts
  • Wooden roofs
  • Cloisters (an open gallery or arcade) running along the building wall

Due to historical circumstances, Portuguese Romanesque churches have a unique trait – although they’re all quite similar at first glance, there are some dissimilarities between churches located in different regions.

These differences can be linked to political and geographical circumstances and external influences. All these distinguishable Romanesque styles are sometimes called dialects of the Portuguese Romanesque.

Romanesque Landmarks in Portugal

If you’re passionate about architecture or simply want to immerse yourself in Portugal’s history and culture, we strongly recommend adding these landmarks to your must-visit list!

1. Lisbon Cathedral

The Cathedral of Lisbon (Sé de Lisboa), located in the heart of the city, is its oldest church. It is among the most iconic Romanesque buildings in the country.

The cathedral was built in 1147. It has been restored multiple times, after having survived several earthquakes – some in the 14th and 16th centuries and, naturally, the infamous 1755 Lisbon earthquake. As a consequence, the building is now a combination of various architectural styles, although it was originally fully Romanesque.

The Cathedral of Lisbon has a Latin cross plan – it has three aisles, a transept (a transverse part that lies across the main body of the building), a main chapel, and an ambulatory that surrounds it.

With two towers flanking the entrance, the facade has a fortress-like appearance. The circular rose window stands out among all other elements adorning the facade. The portals are also decorated with capitals featuring Romanesque motifs.

At the end of the 13th century, some Gothic elements were added:

  • A Gothic cloister (which was damaged during the 1755 earthquake)
  • The Romanesque apse was replaced by a Gothic chapel (which was destroyed during the 1755 earthquake)
  • The ambulatory was adorned with three Gothic tombs

Later on, during the 17th century, Sé de Lisboa was decorated with a Baroque sacristy. After the 1755 earthquake, the chapel acquired a neoclassical and Rococo appearance. In the 20th century, however, the neoclassical elements were removed.

Lisbon Cathedral. Photo by Alvesgaspar (Wiki)

2. Cathedral of Braga

The Cathedral of Braga was likely finished in the 13th century.

Back then, its Western facade was fully Romanesque. Today, however, it looks completely different except for some capitals and archivolts. The portal on the Southern facade retains Romanesque elements, particularly on the tympanum and columns. The interior of the church has three aisles.

Although the chapels were Romanesque in style at first, they were subsequently rebuilt. The main chapel acquired a Manueline style, and the others were adorned with Baroque elements. The small chapel on the outside of the cathedral was likely kept in its initial Romanesque form.

Over the centuries, the nave (the central part of the church) of the Cathedral of Braga underwent several changes in terms of style. However, all these upgrades were removed in the 20th century, so the nave is now fully Romanesque.

Today, the Cathedral of Braga has Romanesque, Gothic, Manueline, Moorish, and Baroque decorations.

Braga Cathedral. Photo by Jose Goncalves (Wiki)

3. Porto Cathedral

The Cathedral of Porto is among the country’s most significant Romanesque treasures. Its construction began in the 12th century. The building wasn’t finished until the 16th century.

The cathedral has two square towers, each with two buttresses. The facade largely retains its original Romanesque appearance, although some modifications were done over the years. It lacks outstanding decorations, except for the Baroque porch and the rose window adorned with Romanesque elements.

Like the nave of the Braga Cathedral, the nave of the Porto Cathedral is Romanesque in style – it is narrow and covered by barrel vaulting and flanked by two aisles. The central aisle is covered by a stone roof, which, in turn, is supported by flying buttresses – all Romanesque in style. 

Porto Cathedral. Photo by Wendell Adriel (Unsplash)

4. The Old Cathedral of Coimbra

The construction of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra was likely overseen by the same architect who oversaw the construction of Lisbon Cathedral, which is why the two have quite a similar appearance.

However, the building in Coimbra surpasses the one in Lisbon in terms of Romanesque elements and preservation. It is, in fact, the only building in Portugal that has retained much of its original elements.

The Old Cathedral in Coimbra has a fortress-like exterior. It has high crenelated walls, narrow windows, and a tower-like structure in the center of the Western facade. The portal and the window on the facade are Romanesque in style and feature some Arabic and Pre-Romanesque motifs. The facade is also adorned with thick buttresses.

The North facade has a Renaissance portal, which was built in the 16th century. The main chapel is Romanesque, as is the northern one. The southern chapel was rebuilt in a Renaissance style. The roof lantern one can see over the transept features Romanesque and Baroque elements.

The nave of the Old Cathedral in Coimbra has two aisles. It is covered by barrel vaulting, while the lateral aisles are covered by groin vaults. The interior column capitals are decorated with vegetable, animal, and geometric motifs and patterns. The cathedral has around 380 heavily decorated capitals. Today, they are considered the most remarkable testament of Romanesque sculpture. The cloister was built sometime later, during the transition from Romanesque to Gothic, which is why it retains elements of both.

Coimbra Cathedral. Photo by Digitalsignal (Wiki)

5. The Round Church at the Convent of Christ

The Round Church at the Convent of Christ is predominantly Romanesque. It has a 16-side polygonal structure and features strong buttresses and round windows.

The interior has a round octagonal structure. The capitals of the columns are among the country’s few well-preserved Romanesque treasures. They feature vegetal and animal motifs, which may have been sculpted by the same artists who worked on the decorations of the Cathedral of Coimbra.

Photo by Kyle Magnuson (Wiki)

6. The Romanesque Church of Rates

The Monastery of Rates isn’t as renowned among tourists as other buildings we mentioned in our guide because it’s a hidden gem in Northern Portugal.

However, one cannot deny the importance of its church in our discussion – it is one of the oldest, most well-preserved churches in Portugal adorned with Romanesque elements.

The Church dedicated to St. Peter of Rates, also known as the Romanesque Church of Rates, has a fortress-like appearance, lacks heavy decorations, and features a Romanesque portal.

7. Church of Santa Eulalia of the Monastery of Arnoso

Yet another hidden gem – the Church of Santa Eulalia of the Monastery of Arnoso. It is located in Vila Nova de Famalicão in the Braga District.

The original building actually dates from the 7th century. However, it was destroyed in the 11th century by the Moors. Later on, King Garcia II ordered the reconstruction of the church. It was eventually rebuilt in a Romanesque style, which is preserved until the present times.

The church has a Romanesque nave, a barrel vault, a rectangular apse, and blind arches. The round arches on the wooden portal are decorated with geometric patterns and zoomorphic elements.

8. Domus Municipalis of Bragança

As mentioned earlier, churches weren’t the only structures built in a Romanesque style. Domus Municipalis of Bragança proves this – it is now one of the few buildings in Portugal whose Romanesque elements were preserved.

Some historians argue that the building may have served as a place for public meetings. Other specialists believe it may have actually been a cistern rather than a Municipal house. Whatever its purpose, one cannot deny that the structure is a Romanesque treasure.

It was likely built in the first half of the 13th century. The structure has an irregular pentagon shape and was built using granite blocks held together by mortar. The wooden roof is supported by three arches. The walls are thick, and the windows are small. Corbel decorations are also Romanesque. 

Photo by Ángel M. Felicísimo (Wiki)

Other Romanesque Buildings in Portugal

If you have time and are interested in exploring the various dialects of the Portuguese Romanesque, we’ve prepared a list of landmarks that are worth checking out. 

  • The Benedictine Monastery of Castro de Avelãs is located in Castro de Avelãs, 3 km away from Bragança. The church’s Romanesque elements are incredibly well-preserved, and the structure is an important historical landmark. Specialists argue that this particular building falls within the Mudejar expression of Romanesque architecture.
  • The Church of São Salvador is located in Bravães, Ponte da Barca, and features multiple Romanesque elements, particularly in its sculptures and portal. Its tympanum depicts Christ in the Glory of Heaven accompanied by two of His apostles. There’s also a figure of Mary and angel Gabriel. 
  • The Castle of Pombal is located in Pombal, Leiria. It is a Romanesque fortress built in the 12th century.
  • The Church of São Vicente de Sousa is located in Felgueiras, Porto, and stands out as a major Romanesque monument.
  • The Monastery of Santa Maria de Pombeiro is located in Felgueiras, Porto, and is noticeably Romanesque in style. It is one of the most iconic Benedictine monasteries in Northern Portugal. The building is an example of the late Romanesque style combined with early Gothic floral motifs.  
  • The Church of São Pedro de Ferreira is located in Ferreira, Porto. It has a single nave and a semi-circular transept. The decorations and sculptures of this church are of great diversity, featuring influences from the Braga Cathedral, as well as the Zamora Cathedral and the San Martin de Salamanca in Spain.
  • The Monastery of the Saviour of Paço de Sousa is located in Penafiel, Porto. It is an iconic monastery of the Benedictine Order. The church is an example of nationalized Romanesque, which combines pre-Romanesque elements and Romanesque motifs used in Porto and Coimbra.
  • Igreja de Santo André da Vila Boa de Quires is located in Marco de Canaveses in Northern Portugal. Its portal is similar to that of the above-mentioned church in Penafiel and features vegetal motifs, whereas the corbels are adorned with bovine heads.
  • The Church of Saint Mary is located in Sintra and is an excellent example of the architectural style that marked the transition between the Romanesque and the Gothic.
  • Ponte de Vilela is a medieval bridge located in Arcos de Valdevez.

The new Portuguese Prime Minister challenges the Socialist Party

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The new Portuguese Prime Minister challenges the Socialist Party

Luís Montenegro challenged the Socialist Party (former majority Government) to say whether it would be the ‘democratic opposition’, or a ‘blockage to democracy’.

The new Prime Minister does not seem interested in semantic games or sterile political exercises. He says he is here to rule, and challenges the second biggest political power (the Socialist Party), to assume its role unambiguously.

Montenegro hopes that the other political parties understand their role as opposing forces and choose not to block the program of the new Government just for the sake of blocking. He believes that not rejecting his program does not merely mean letting it start, but that it means letting it start and helping it work by debating and adding value (as a democratic opposition).

The call was directed at the second biggest force, but it was extended to everyone. According to the Prime Minister, what the country needs is to move forward, not to remain stagnated.

Hence, in his first speech as Prime Minister, Luís Montenegro called out the other elements of the Parliament and appealed to their common sense. He stressed that not rejecting his program does not mean a ‘blank check’, but that it does not also mean a ‘bad check’. He asked every single one of them to be authentic when it comes to assuming a position.

Furthermore, the new Prime Minister also stated that he will move forward with his promises of decreasing the tax burden, increasing salaries and pensions, restructuring the public services, and modernizing the State, but that he will not do so under the shade of a Budget surplus. Instead, he will fulfill his promises by leveraging a more productive and competitive economy, and a renewed and more efficient State.

Note that, in his swearing-in ceremony, the new Portuguese Prime Minister stated that ‘this Government is here to rule for the whole legislative period’ (4 years and a half), and that, even though he made no significant changes to the organics so that it could start working right away, ‘it is here to perform a structural transformation of both the economy and the State’.

New Portuguese Prime Minister took office this week

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New Portuguese Prime Minister took office this week

The new Portuguese Prime Minister took office this Tuesday, April 2. After presenting the proposal for the organics and the composition of his Government, which was accepted by the Portuguese President of the Republic, the head of the Democratic Alliance (AD) and Social Democratic Party (PSD) officially became Prime Minister.

Moreover, the 17 elements chosen and presented to the President as the composition of the new Government became Ministers. When it comes to the Secretaries of State, the date for taking office is today.

The swearing-in ceremony was held in Belém, at the official residence of the President, and had 150 guests, among which was the former Prime Minister, António Costa. Every political party leader was invited, however, not all went.

The right-wing leaders went, but all of the left-wing leaders chose not to show up. This, according to experts, may be a sign that the new Government is in a somewhat difficult position, considering that it does not have a majority and that it will be obliged to work with the other parties.

When it comes to the Ministers, most of them are politicians from Luis Montenegro’s close circle. Notwithstanding, as a way of showing proximity to civil society, the new Prime Minister also nominated independent academics. There are 11 politicians, 5 academics, and 1 judge. Out of the 17, 7 elements are women.

The Ministers will all have conditions to start working right away. According to the new Prime Minister, the objective was to not make profound changes that would hinder the possibility of moving forward immediately. For that reason, Luís Montenegro designed the organics of his Government similarly to the one of the former Government.

It is relevant to note that the new Government will operate with the State Budget that was approved for the former Government. There won’t be the need for a correction, which was the objective of the President when he dealt with the resignation of the former Prime Minister, and currently, consequently, also of the new Prime Minister. This means that it will be possible to maintain a certain degree of stability, whilst starting to work towards what is best for the country.

Following the plan of the new Prime Minister and the necessities of the country, the first priorities are the acceleration of the Recuperation and Resilience Plan (PRR), the implementation of the health emergency plan, and the phased defrosting of teacher’s careers.

It may be important to consider, as an informative side note, that the majority of the minority Governments in Portugal (six out of eight), did not serve their 4-year term until the end.

Top 10 Music Festivals in Portugal – Summer 2024

Becky Gillespie
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Top 10 Music Festivals in Portugal – Summer 2024

With summer just around the corner, it’s time to get ready for an amazing lineup of artists from around the world all descending on the enchanting country of Portugal to light up the stages. From the buzzing cities of Lisbon and Porto to the beachside vibes of the Algarve and hilltop mountain villages of the Alentejo, you are truly spoiled for choice when it comes to summer music festivals in Portugal. Let’s dive into 10 of our favorites below and get ready for one amazing summer!

1. NOS Primavera Sound

When – June 6-8 2024
Where – Parque da Cidade, Porto
Tickets – General 3 Day Admission = 175€, VIP Tickets are already sold out

This large and popular music festival takes place over three days in the Parque da Cidade (City Park) in Porto each June, bringing an incredible line-up of national and international artists playing across several stages. In 2024, SZA, PJ Harvey, Lana Del Rey, Pulp, and the National are scheduled to headline. Due to the popularity of NOS Primavera Sound, try to book your accommodation well in advance.  

Porto Convention & Visitors Bureau, NOS Primavera Sound, Flickr

2. Rock in Rio 2024

When – June 15-16, 22-23 2024
Where – Parque Tejo, Lisbon
Tickets – A daily pass costs 84€ and a weekend pass is 147€. VIP tickets are also available.

Rock in Rio started in Brazil and has become the largest music festival in the world. For the last 20 years, it has hosted a lineup in Lisbon every two years. In 2024, Rock in Rio will take place over two weekends with Evanescence, Jonas Brothers, Scorpions, Dojo Cat, and Ed Sheeran scheduled to perform along with many others!  

Rock in Rio Lisboa, Flickr

3. Waking Life

When – June 19-24, 2024
Where – Crato, Portugal (about a 2.5 hour drive from Lisbon)
Tickets – Regular participation tickets are available for 250€ in addition to a 10€ refundable waste deposit  

If you’d like to get deep into the Portuguese countryside and immerse yourself in art and music of many varieties, this well-organized, six-day festival that celebrates creation and experimentation just might be for you. With multiple stages set up around a large lake and several days of camping involved, this is an experience you won’t soon forget. Don’t worry about going hungry. There are several types of food vendors set up around the space along with shower facilities.

4. NOS Alive

When – July 11-13, 2024
Where – Passeio Marítimo de Algés, Lisbon
Tickets – Tickets for July 13 are already sold out, but you can still get tickets for July 11 and July 12 for 79€.

NOS Alive is one of the more popular summer music festivals in Portugal due to its proximity to central Lisbon and its ever-exciting lineup. 2024 will see The Smashing Pumpkins, Jessie Ware, Dua Lipa, Sofi Tukker, and many more. Despite its popularity, NOS Alive is known for being incredibly organized. Just be sure to stay hydrated, as it can get quite hot in Lisbon by July.

NOS Alive, RTP, Flickr

5. Cool Jazz

When – July 9-10, 19, 26-27, 30-31, 2024
Where – Cascais at the Hipódromo Manuel Possolo, 30 minutes west of Lisbon
Tickets – Tickets start at 30€ for standing in the grass and go up to 55€ for the Gold Zone.

Cool Jazz plays over seven different nights throughout July in the gorgeous gardens of Cascais, a short 30-minute drive or train ride from Lisbon. Artists including Air, Chaka Khan, Diana Krall, Dino D’Santiago, and Fat Freddy’s Drop have already been announced. Cool Jazz has three concerts per night. It starts at 8:00 pm with the Cascais Jazz Sessions by Smooth FM. Then, the first concert begins on the main stage followed by the final grand concert.  

6. Super Bock Super Rock

When – July 18-20, 2024
Where – Meco Beach, a 40-minute drive south of Lisbon
Tickets – Daily tickets start at 72€ for access to the venue and 154€ for daily concerts + camping. Golden Circle (VIP) tickets start at 154€ without camping and 279€ with camping.

2021 Eurovision champions Måneskin are headlining on July 18 while 21 Savage and Black Coffee are performing on July 19. More artists for July 20 remain to be announced. This is another great option if you’re staying in the Lisbon area, as it’s easy to take direct buses to the venue or even splurge on a ride-share, which will only run you about 30€ one-way per car. You can choose to camp here or just come down each day.  

Super Bock Super Rock, RTP, Flickr

7. Marvão International Music Festival

When – July 19-28, 2024
Where – Marvão in the Alentejo (about 2 hours and 45 minutes by car from Lisbon)
Tickets – Ticket costs vary by day, with prices starting at 25€  

Deep in the Aletenjo lies the beautiful town of Marvão. Enjoy classical music and dance in stunning open-air venues over ten days in this hilltop village. Due to the small size of the town, be sure to book your accommodation well in advance if you are planning to attend one of the evening performances. Several other performances begin at 11:00 am, so plan accordingly.  

Playing at the Marvão International Music Festival, Hong Kong Sinfonietta, Flickr

8. EDP Vilar de Mouros 2024

When – August 21-24, 2024
Where – Vilar de Mouros, Caminha (about 1 hour north of Porto)
Tickets – Daily tickets cost 53.50€  

EDP is a rock festival held in Vilar de Mouros, one hour north of Porto every August. It is the oldest festival in Iberia, with its first edition held in 1971. Last year’s festival sold out two of its days, so don’t procrastinate on buying your tickets if you want to attend. Queens of the Stone Age are the only performers that have been announced for 2024 thus far, with many more to join in the next couple of months.  

Photo taken in 1971. Photo by EDP Vilar de Mouros IG @edpvilardemouros

9. MEO Kalorama

When – August 29-31, 2024
Where – Parque da Bela Vista, Lisbon
Tickets – You can grab a 3-day pass for 145€  

Heading back to Central Lisbon, MEO Kalorama is an exciting way to end the summer. In 2024, Sam Smith, Massive Attack, LCD Soundsystem, Peggy Gou, Jungle, and many more will play in Parque da Bela Vista. With such a large lineup at a popular time for tourists to visit the city, you may want to book your accommodation well in advance.

Meo Kalorama 2022, Festivals, Flickr

10. Eco Festival Azores Burning Summer

When – August 30-31, 2024
Where – Parque dos Moinhos, São Miguel, Açores
Tickets – You can grab a daily ticket pass for 20€ and both days for 30€  

If you’re not feeling like being in Lisbon for the final weekend in August, splurge on a flight to the Azorean island of São Miguel for the 10th edition of this Portuguese summer music festival. Moullinex and Mayra Andrade are set to headline this summer festival which is a wonderful combination of music, community, and nature. We recommend spending a few more days hiking some beautiful trails, visiting the hot springs, and trying some delicious seafood in the area.  

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Time Required to Get Portuguese Citizenship Reduced by 12-18 Months

Becky Gillespie
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Time Required to Get Portuguese Citizenship Reduced by 12-18 Months

Portuguese residents waiting to apply for citizenship can now breathe a huge sigh of relief! The Portuguese Parliament passed significant amendments on March 5th to the Portuguese Nationality Law, Organic Law 1/2024, which will usher in transformative changes and effectively streamline the process of acquiring Portuguese citizenship. This amendment is set to reduce waiting times for citizenship by as much as 12-18 months.  

Before the updates passed in March to the Portuguese Nationality Law, the clock for the mandatory five-year residency requirement only began ticking upon the issuance of the first resident card, after having the appointment with a representative from immigration.

This would extend the waiting period to apply for residency to up to seven years for some unlucky applicants. Under the new law, Portugal residents, including D1, D3, D7, D8, and Golden Visa holders, basically anyone living in Portugal with a resident card, can now start their residency clock from the time when the request for temporary residency authorization is considered (provided the application is ultimately approved).

The Steps to Obtaining Portuguese Citizenship

Some Examples

Note: Based on the new amendments, it is still unclear if the 5-year clock starts on the day that approval for the visa is received via email or the date that the temporary visa begins.

Either way, the new amendments greatly reduce the time required to apply for citizenship, a boon for anyone currently waiting to apply for citizenship or considering beginning the Portuguese residency process.

These changes essentially mean that any delays from the Portuguese government after an applicant first receives approval will not count against the applicant. The 5-year clock immediately starts ticking.

It is important to note that previous requirements for citizenship remain the same, including the passing of a Portuguese language test to at least A2 on the CEFR scale, proof of residence in Portugal for the required time, a birth certificate, and a criminal record certificate.

Considering Portugal’s Golden Visa Program? Everything you need to know + how to qualify with 325,000 EUR

If you’re interested in finding out the latest details about the Golden Visa program and want to take advantage of the new opportunities. Signup for a monthly live Q&A webinar with an expert from JS Prive that will answer all your questions. The live webinar will cover the following:

  • Golden Visa basics, how to qualify, who can be included
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Register for FREE

*If you cannot attend the seminar or would prefer one-on-one, book a call here.

Final Thoughts

Although getting documents together and making the move to a new country can be challenging, knowing that the Portuguese government recognizes the delays and has taken legal action to support residents who are applying for citizenship makes it much easier to consider starting the residency process in Portugal.

6 Incredible Hikes in Madeira

Becky Gillespie
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6 Incredible Hikes in Madeira

The island of Madeira in Portugal is truly a hiker’s paradise. For nature lovers, the stunning beauty of the island with its stunning landscapes, comprising forests, mountains, and dramatic coastlines, may make you never want to leave.

Madeira’s well-organized network of trails include ‘PR’ routes (short routes, or “pequena rotas”), levadas, and veredas.  Among these, the levada walks are a standout feature, following ancient irrigation channels that weave through the landscape. These levadas, essential for distributing water across the island’s terrains, have been repurposed into scenic trails.

Hiking in Madeira does require preparation. The levada routes, with their old paths, tunnels, and potential for rock falls or adverse weather, can present challenges. It’s crucial for hikers to equip themselves properly and verify the status of trails before setting out. Madeira’s hiking trails each offer a unique experience and there is a trail for every backpacker.

There are over 130 hiking trails on Madeira which span over 1,170 km (1,350 miles). The majority of these trails are well-marked and maintained by the Regional Government of Madeira. For the most up-to-date information, be sure to check Visit Madeira for the elevation, duration, and difficulty of each of the PR routes divided by region.

Madeira’s hikes lead adventurers through the legendary 20-million-year-old subtropical Laurissilva rainforest, a UNESCO-protected site home to ancient laurel trees, to breathtaking viewpoints overlooking cities, coastlines, and mountains. These trails not only reveal the island’s scenic beauty but also its historical significance, offering insights into the ingenuity of Madeira’s water management practices.

Let’s take a look at 6 incredible hikes in Madeira.

1. Vereda do Pico do Areeiro (Pico do Areeiro-Pico Ruivo) (PR 1)

The PR1 Vereda do Areeiro trail links three of Madeira’s highest peaks, starting at Pico do Areeiro (1818 m), passing Pico das Torres (1851 m), and concluding at Pico Ruivo (1862 m). Spanning 7 km, it presents a moderate challenge and takes hikers through the heart of the Central Mountain Massif, a part of the Natura 2000 Network, which showcases the island’s stunning natural beauty.

The path from Pico do Areeiro has unique features such as tunnels through volcanic tufts and steep slopes that were originally used as shelters by cattle and shepherds. To reach the highest point, Pico Ruivo, hikers must navigate a steep staircase around Pico das Torres and face the final challenge: a climb to the Casa de Abrigo do Pico Ruivo shelter.

The trail also leads to the iconic ‘Homem em pé’ (Standing Man) rock formation. Despite being partially closed, the trail remains accessible from the western side, inviting hikers to explore this trail’s unique landscapes and endemic bird species.

Difficulty: Medium
Distance: 7 km
Time: 3:30 h

Hiking from Pico Arieiro to Pico Ruivo, Photo by Andy Walker, Flickr
Hiking from Pico Arieiro to Pico Ruivo, Photo by Andy Walker, Flickr

Book Sunrise Hike from Madeira’s Highest Point

2. Levada das 25 Fontes (PR 6)

Starting from the regional road ER 105 in Rabaçal, the Levada das 25 Fontes trail is one of the most popular hiking trails for both tourists and locals on the entire island. Spanning approximately 4.3 km and taking about 3 hours to complete, it offers a moderately challenging yet rewarding experience for nature enthusiasts. This trail, running almost parallel to Levada do Risco, presents a diverse array of scenery and points of interest, ultimately ending up at the jaw-dropping Lagoa das 25 Fontes. This lagoon, fed by 25 springs emanating from Paul da Serra, presents an unforgettable natural spectacle, surrounded by a breathtaking landscape.

The water is ice-cold here, but if you’re up for it, take the ultimate plunge and go for a quick dip before making your way back the same way that you came. Also, be prepared here for crowds along the trail. This is one of the more congested routes on the island.

Difficulty: Moderate
Distance: 4.3 km (8.6 km round trip)
Time: 3-4 h

Reaching the waterfalls on the Levada das 25 Fontes, Photo by Becky Gillespie

Book Hike to Levada das 25 Fontes

3. Verada do Fanal (PR 13)

Starting from the Paúl da Serra plateau, Vereda do Fanal is truly the most breathtaking and unique on the entire island of Madeira. The trail takes hikers across the lush, green expanse of Madeira’s indigenous 20-million-year-old Laurissilva forest. This forest, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site, stands in splendid conservation, enveloping hikers into a magical realm where each tree seems to have its own character. The path also reveals the ingenuity of past inhabitants, highlighting an intricate system of cables that past Madeira residents once used for transporting wood.

At the end of Vereda do Fanal lies a small volcanic crater, designated as a Rest and Quiet Reserve. Here, amidst the ancient Til (Ocotea foetens) woods, some predating the island’s discovery, hikers can discover stunning views and a great place to have a rest or a picnic before returning to your car.

Difficulty: Moderate-Hard
Distance: 10.8 km
Time: 4 h

The trees of Fanal will surely inspire you, Photo by Becky Gillespie
Amazing trees in Fanal, Photo by Becky Gillespie
The enchanting trees on the Verada do Fanal, Photo by Becky Gillespie
Hiking through a wide expanse of green in the indigenous Laurissilva forest on the Verada do Fanal, Photo by Becky Gillespie

Book Private Hike to Verada do Fanal

4. Levada dos Cedros (PR 14)

Levada dos Cedros starts close to where Verada do Fanal ends on regional road ER 209. It follows one of the oldest levadas in the region and finishes on the same road but in the area of Curral Falso. Constructed in the 17th century, the Levada dos Cedros route brings hikers face-to-face with towering Laurissilva trees. Some of these trees reach between 30 and 40 meters high! The final push of the hike is past the steep slope of the right bank of the Ribeira da Janela stream.

Difficulty: Moderate
Distance: 7.2 km
Time: 3 h

So many beautiful levadas to enjoy in Madeira, Photo by Becky Gillespie

5. Levada do Moinho (PR 7)

Levada do Moinho, also known as Levada Grande, is renowned for its historical water mills. These mills, like the Achadas, Cancelas, and Levada Grande, were once powered by its waters. Although now in ruins, they mark a trail rich in heritage and folklore. Funded by locals, water rights were exclusively theirs, demonstrating Madeira’s value placed on this resource. Traversing through the lush Laurissilva, the path offers moderate challenges and ends at Tornadouro in Junqueira. Its scenic route, adorned with branches of “levadas” carrying water to irrigation tanks, offers some truly unforgettable scenery.

Difficulty: Moderate
Distance: 10.5 km
Time: 3:30 h

Hiking in Madeira, Photo by Becky Gillespie

6. Vereda dos Balcões (PR 7)

Vereda dos Balcões is a captivating 1.5 km trail in Ribeiro Frio that leads hikers to the gorgeous Balcões Viewpoint. It starts on ER 103 and offers a gentle walk of around 1.5 hours by the Levada da Serra do Faial. Pass by indigenous and endemic vegetation along the way, part of a lush tableau of the Laurissilva forest. Hikers can marvel at the rich biodiversity, including the Lauraceae trees and various exotic plants. The viewpoint reveals breathtaking valleys and, on clear days, the island’s central peaks. The return journey allows a visit to the Ribeiro Frio Forest Park and its trout nursery.

Difficulty: Easy
Distance: 1.5 km (3 km round trip)
Time: 1:30 h

Hiking in Madeira, Photo by Becky Gillespie

Enjoy your hiking in Madeira!

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Guide to Madeira

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