On a rocky outcrop in the village of Alcáçova overlooking the city of Elvas, the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort, officially known as Fort Conde de Lippe, symbolizes Portugal’s rich military history. This unique star-shaped fortress served as a critical defense base for over a century and remains one of the most impressive examples of military architecture in the world. With its strategic design, historical significance, and recent renovations, the fort makes for a fascinating journey into the past.
History
Construction of the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort began in 1763 under the direction of Wilhelm, Count of Schaumbourg-Lippe, who was commissioned by King José to reorganize the Portuguese army. The fort was designed by Engineer Éttiene and later directed by Colonel Guillaume Louis Antoine de Valleré. It was finally completed in 1792, and its design showcases three distinct layers of defense, separated by walls and ditches, and an outer earthwork shaped like a massive star. The inner fortification forms a square with raised diamond-shaped bastions at each corner, and the central structure is known as the Governor’s House.
Prior to the fort’s construction, the site held the small hermitage of Santa Maria da Graça, which dates back to the 15th century. During the Restoration War in 1658, the Spanish used the site to construct a stronghold to attack Elvas. By the time the fort was completed in the late 18th century, it was an unparalleled example of Vauban military architecture and offered both strategic protection. However, as warfare evolved, the fort’s strategic importance diminished, ultimately leading to its demilitarization and eventual decline.
Despite periods of neglect, the Fort of Graça has been recognized for its historical value. It was restored over 11 months and reopened to the public in November 2015. Renovations included restoring the Governor’s House, officers’ quarters, chapel, and other key architectural elements. The fort is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a lasting reminder of Portugal’s resilience and ingenuity.
How to Get There
The Fort of Graça is located one kilometer from the city of Elvas, approximately 200 kilometers east of Lisbon and 350 kilometers south of Porto. By car, it is about a 2-hour drive from Lisbon and a 4-hour drive from Porto. The fort is also accessible via regional bus services connecting Elvas to major cities in Portugal. From Elvas, visitors can take a short taxi ride or a leisurely 1-hour walk to reach the fort. Be sure to bring some sturdy walking shoes. It only takes around 30 minutes to see the entire complex.
Times and Tickets
The Fort of Graça operates on seasonal schedules. From May to September, it is open from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. From October to April, it is open from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The fort is closed on Mondays and closes to the public half an hour before the end of operating hours.
Tickets cost €5 for general admission, €8 for a guided tour (prior booking, tours at 11:00 am and 3:00 pm), and €15 for a special guided tour (with prior registration, includes access to the cistern and countermines).
Teachers, students, and retirees 65 years and over are eligible for a 50% discount. Children up to 12 years old are free. Youth Card or Smart Card holders can get a 20% discount.
For more information or to book special tours, visitors can contact the fort at +(351) 268 639 740 or visit the website.
