If there’s one Portuguese treat that epitomizes verão (summer) in Portugal, it’s the pillowy, sugar-dusted Bola de Berlim. Hand-delivered on Portugal’s golden shores by hawkers with coolers slung over their shoulders, this custard-filled doughnut has become an enduring symbol of the Portuguese summer. There’s nothing quite like being sprawled out under the sun on the Algarve coast or the beaches of Costa da Caparica and hearing the melodic cry of “Bolinhas de Berlim!”echo across the sand. It is truly the sound of summer and sinking your teeth into one of these creamy confections feels like food therapy. Chicken soup for the summer soul…in donut form.
Although it is similar to the German Berliner (a jelly-filled doughnut without a hole), Portugal’s version is unmistakably its own. It replaces the traditional fruit jam with a silky, golden-yellow creme de pasteleiro (pastry cream), and is often enjoyed straight from a cooler diligently carried by a vendor over the hot sand. Eat it barefoot in the sand or with a bica(Portuguese espresso) in hand. Either way, the Bola de Berlim is a beloved staple of Portuguese culinary culture.
A Portuguese Version of a Berlin Classic
The Bola de Berlim traces its roots to Germany, where the Berliner Pfannkuchen, a deep-fried, jam-filled doughnut, has long been a popular treat. It is believed that the pastry arrived in Portugal with German immigrants or returning Portuguese who had spent time in Germany after the World Wars. However, the Portuguese adaptation took on a life of its own. It began with a bold yet brilliant substitution: pastry cream instead of fruit preserves.
This twist proved wildly successful. Portuguese bakers, masters of custard thanks to centuries of conventual baking traditions (think pastéis de nata), transformed the doughnut into something decadent. The custard-filled doughnuts quickly found their way into bakeries across the country, but it is their migration to the beach that has made them truly iconic.
By the mid-20th century, Bolas de Berlim became a summer essential. Vendors began selling them on beaches. They would slice the doughnut open and fill it with chilled pastry cream just moments before handing it over. Their popularity exploded. Today, beachgoers eagerly await their delivery, sometimes skipping lunch for the simple pleasure of sinking their teeth into these glorious cream-filled clouds.
How to Make Bola de Berlim at Home
Making Bola de Berlim at home takes a bit of time and love, but the result is more than worth it. Below is an easy-to-follow version that stays true to the classic flavor and texture.
Ingredients
For the dough
500 g all-purpose flour
11g instant dry yeast (or 25 g fresh yeast)
80 g sugar
100 ml warm milk
2 large eggs
2 egg yolks
60 g unsalted butter, softened
Zest of 1 lemon (optional)
Pinch of salt
Vegetable oil for frying
Granulated sugar for coating
For the pastry cream
500 ml whole milk
5 egg yolks
100 g sugar
40 g cornstarch
1 strip of lemon peel
1 tsp vanilla extract or 1 vanilla pod
20 g unsalted butter
Step-by-Step Instructions
1. Prepare the dough
In a bowl, dissolve the yeast in the warm milk with a pinch of sugar. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes until frothy. In a large mixing bowl (or stand mixer), combine the flour, sugar, and salt. Add the yeast mixture, eggs, yolks, lemon zest, and softened butter. Knead until the dough is smooth and elastic (about 10 minutes by hand or 6-7 minutes with a dough hook). Cover with a damp cloth and let it rise in a warm place for 1 to 1.5 hours, or until it doubles in size.
2. Make the pastry cream
While the dough rises, heat the milk with the lemon peel and vanilla until just about to boil. In a separate bowl, whisk the egg yolks, sugar, and cornstarch until smooth. Slowly pour the hot milk into the egg mixture, whisking constantly to temper the eggs. Return the mixture to the saucepan, remove the lemon peel, and cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until it thickens. Remove from heat and stir in the butter. Let cool completely, then refrigerate. You can cover the surface with cling film to prevent a skin from forming.
3. Shape and fry the doughnuts
Once the dough has risen, punch it down and divide it into 12 equal pieces. Roll each into a smooth ball and place on a lightly floured surface. Cover and let them rise again for about 30-40 minutes.
Heat the oil in a deep fryer or heavy-bottomed pot to 170-180°C (340-355°F). Fry the doughnuts in batches, turning once, until golden brown on both sides (about 2-3 minutes per side). Drain on paper towels and roll them in granulated sugar while still warm.
4. Fill with cream
Once cool, use a serrated knife to slice the doughnuts horizontally. Leave a hinge so the two halves stay attached (like a sandwich roll). Fill with generous spoonfuls of the chilled pastry cream.
A Treat Worth Your Time
Bola de Berlim is a celebration of summer and a sweet hug from Portugal in the shape of donut.
Yes, they do take some time to make. But that first bite into the fluffy dough and creamy filling (with just the right amount of sugar) is pure magic. So roll up your sleeves, turn on some fado music, and treat yourself to the joy of making Bola de Berlim at home. Recreate those beachside vibes right in your kitchen.
Portuguese may look familiar to English speakers on the surface, but it hides a few sneaky surprises. False friends, which are those innocent-looking terms that look like English words but mean something totally different, can catch even long-time learners off guard. Even when you’re trying to impress a local, order lunch, or just get through a door, these words can betray you in a split second.
This guide focuses on false friends specifically in European Portuguese. We want to help you avoid common traps and learn the correct vocabulary. With each of these 15 sets of false friends, we explain the confusion, show you what the word really means, and give you two real-world examples to help you sound more fluent and natural in your conversations. Are you ready? Let’s go!
1. Puxe ≠ Push
At first glance, this one looks like it’s inviting you to push the door, and you will see this on countless doors across Portugal. But – beware! – in European Portuguese, “puxe” actually means pull and comes from the verb puxar. It’s probably the most classic divider between English speakers who understand Portuguese and those who don’t that you can actually watch in real time. Just approach every door with caution in Portugal until you get this right!
The correct word for push is empurre (from empurrar).
Examples
– Tentei empurrar a porta, mas depois reparei que dizia “Puxe”. (I tried to push the door, but then I noticed it said “Puxe.”) – Empurre com força. A porta está um pouco presa. (Push firmly. The door is a bit stuck.)
2. Constipação ≠ Constipation
No, Portuguese people aren’t constantly talking about digestion. In Portugal, having a constipação means you’ve caught a cold, not that you’re, well, backed up. If you do need to talk about actual constipation, use prisão de ventre or obstipação.
Examples
– Estou com uma constipação horrível — só me apetece ficar na cama. (I’ve got a horrible cold — I just feel like staying in bed.) – A mudança na alimentação causou-lhe prisão de ventre. (The change in diet caused her constipation.)
3. Êxito ≠ Exit
Although this word resembles “exit,” êxito means success in Portuguese. You’ll see it in newspaper headlines and book reviews, not on fire doors. The word for exit is saída, which you will see everywhere!
Examples
– O cantor teve muito êxito no Festival da Canção. (The singer had great success at the Song Festival.) – A saída de emergência está claramente assinalada. (The emergency exit is clearly marked.)
4. Notícia ≠ Notice
It might sound like a friendly reminder or a memo, but notícia means news, something you read in the paper or hear on the radio. For a notice, such as a posted sign or a warning, use aviso. You will see this word frequently.
Examples
– Acabei de ver uma notícia impressionante sobre o sismo. (I just saw an impressive news story about the earthquake.) – Houve um aviso de tempestade emitido pela Proteção Civil. (There was a storm warning issued by Civil Protection.)
5. Enrolar ≠ Enroll
This one trips people up in writing and speech. Enrolar means to roll up, physically or metaphorically (like stalling). If you want to say enroll in a course or program, use inscrever-se.
Examples
– Enrolaste bem o cabo ou ainda está solto? (Did you roll the cable properly or is it still loose?) – Já me inscrevi no curso de fotografia. (I’ve already enrolled in the photography course.)
6. Livraria ≠ Library
Don’t go into a livraria expecting to borrow books. You’ll be expected to buy them! Livraria means bookstore. A library is called a biblioteca in Portuguese. Because the Portuguese love their books, you’re going to see these two words everywhere!
Examples
– A nova livraria tem uma secção fantástica de autores portugueses. (The new bookstore has a fantastic section of Portuguese authors.) – Costumo estudar na biblioteca da universidade. (I usually study at the university library.)
Livraria Bertrand, Christoph Diewald, Flickr
7. Taxa ≠ Tax
Although the spelling is similar, taxa usually refers to a rate or fee, like interest rates or service charges. If you’re talking about a government tax, use imposto.
Examples
– A taxa de natalidade tem vindo a diminuir. (The birth rate has been decreasing.) – Os impostos sobre combustíveis vão aumentar novamente. (The taxes on fuel are going to increase again.)
8. Ofício ≠ Office
Ofício means a profession, craft, or even a formal written notice, depending on the context. It’s not where you go to work. The word for office is escritório.
Examples
– O seu ofício era o de ferreiro, tal como o pai. (His profession was that of a blacksmith, just like his father.) – Cheguei atrasado ao escritório por causa do trânsito. (I was late to the office because of traffic.)
9. Costume ≠ Costume
This is a subtle but important one. Costume refers to a habit, tradition, or custom.
If you’re talking about clothing (like a superhero costume or a swimsuit), the word is fato.
Examples
– É costume beber um copo de vinho com o jantar em Portugal. (It’s customary to drink a glass of wine with dinner in Portugal.) – Ela trouxe o fato de banho mas esqueceu-se da toalha. (She brought her swimsuit but forgot the towel.)
This can be especially confusing in conversation. Assistir means to watch or attend, not to help. To assist someone, you need ajudar.
Examples
– Vamos assistir à apresentação do novo livro. (We’re going to attend the presentation of the new book.) – Ele ajudou-me a montar o móvel da IKEA. (He helped me assemble the IKEA furniture.)
11. Atualmente ≠ Actually
Despite looking just like “actually,” atualmente means currently or nowadays. To express “actually” in the sense of clarifying or correcting, use na verdade.
Examples
– Atualmente vivo em Setúbal, mas nasci em Braga. (Currently I live in Setúbal, but I was born in Braga.) – Na verdade, nunca fui a Paris, só a Lyon. (Actually, I’ve never been to Paris, only to Lyon.)
12. Colégio ≠ College
A colégio in Portugal is typically a private primary or secondary school. The correct word for a university-level college is faculdade.
Examples
– O colégio onde andei era só para meninas. (The school I attended was for girls only.) – Entrei na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. (I was accepted into the Faculty of Arts at the University of Porto.)
Faculdade de Letras, University of Lisbon, one of the major testing sites for the A2 CIPLE and also where I took my test, DepositPhotos.com
13. Data ≠ Data (as in information)
Here’s a sneaky one: data in Portuguese means calendar date.
For the data you input into a form or analyze in a spreadsheet, use dados.
Examples
– A data do evento foi alterada para setembro. (The date of the event was moved to September.) – Introduz os teus dados pessoais neste formulário. (Enter your personal data into this form.)
14. Novela ≠ Novel
Novela in Portugal is a soap opera, usually a dramatic TV series watched after dinner.
If you’re talking about a novel, use romance.
Examples
– A novela da noite tem sido muito comentada nas redes sociais. (The evening soap opera has been widely discussed on social media.) – Gosto de ler romances históricos nas férias. (I enjoy reading historical novels during holidays.)
15. Lanche ≠ Lunch
Lanche refers to a snack, typically eaten in the afternoon around 5:00 PM.
The Portuguese word for lunch is almoço.
Examples
– Comi um lanche leve antes do treino: uma maçã e um iogurte. (I had a light snack before training: an apple and a yogurt.) – O almoço de hoje foi arroz de polvo – uma delícia! (Today’s lunch was octopus rice – delicious!)
Portuguese sardines. Photo by Alex Teixeira (Unsplash)
How to Stay One Step Ahead of False Friends
False friends are just waiting to trip you up on your Portuguese learning journey. They look trustworthy, they sound familiar, and then -bam! -they make you say something completely unintended. The good news is that once you know them, they’re easy to remember.
A few tips to help you avoid these mistakes:
Read Portuguese in context. Read books, news articles, and signs to see how words are actually used.
Practice with locals. If you say constipado and someone gives you a strange look, just laugh it off and learn from it.
Double-check in a dictionary. Not all words that look familiar mean what you think they do.
Finally, remember – even native speakers from different Portuguese-speaking countries sometimes misunderstand each other. So don’t be too hard on yourself. Mistakes are part of the fun, and they make great stories later on!
If you’re flying to or within Portugal this summer, we wanted to put some scheduled airport strikes on your radar. The biggest disruption will come from SPdH/Menzies workers (formerly Groundforce) who will go on strike for five weekends this summer. Their walkout will affect ground operations such as check-in, baggage handling, and aircraft servicing at all airports across mainland Portugal and the islands. The Metallurgical Industries and Related Industries Union (SIMA) confirmed the action in a formal strike notice confirming that the first strike will occur from midnight at the beginning of July 25 to midnight on July 28 from Friday to Monday. Four more strike weekends will follow throughout August right at the peak of summer travel.
The strike stems from a series of unresolved issues. Ground workers claim their base salaries fall below the national minimum wage, and they are demanding not only better wages but also the fulfillment of night shift payments and access to employee parking under previously agreed terms. Additionally, the union is pressing for the company to honor a Memorandum of Understanding signed during its transition from Groundforce to Menzies Aviation. That agreement promised salary increases through 2026 and the payment of more than €2.5 million in outstanding compensation. These are terms that workers say have not been met.
Although essential safety services will be maintained, travelers should expect significant delays or cancellations, especially during baggage processing and boarding procedures.
SATA Cabin Crew Walkout to Disrupt Azores Flights
On a separate front, SATA Air Açores cabin crew will stage a weeklong strike from July 18 to 24, which threatens domestic air traffic between the nine islands of the Azores archipelago. Around 60 crew members, represented by the National Union of Civil Aviation Flight Personnel (SNPVAC), are demanding a long-overdue pay raise and improvements to working conditions, particularly on the airline’s aging fleet of Dash 200 planes.
Union president Ricardo Penarróias criticized SATA for what he describes as the company’s chronic undervaluing of its crew. He noted that the current proposal on the table falls short of bridging the gap between their pay and that of other airline employees in the group. Penarróias also raised safety and comfort concerns over the Dash 200 aircraft, which he called “terrible” due to unbearable heat and high noise levels on board.
“The company has been slow to take bold steps to address the working conditions,” he said. “They could have already reduced flight times or invested in equipment to alleviate the situation, but they haven’t.”
With the strike covering nearly an entire week in July, travelers hoping to explore the natural wonders of São Miguel, Terceira, Pico, and other islands may need to rethink their plans or prepare for last-minute changes. As of now, SATA has acknowledged receipt of the strike notice but has not disclosed whether negotiations will take place to avoid the strike.
What Travelers Should Do
If you’re flying to, from, or within Portugal this summer, now is the time to check your flight dates and plan for contingencies:
Review your airline’s policies on cancellations and rebookings. Low-cost carriers often offer fewer protections and flexible options compared to legacy airlines.
Book direct flights whenever possible to avoid missed connections that could be affected by delays on the ground.
If you’re flying between Azores islands, consider ferry alternatives, especially between closer destinations like Faial and Pico.
Arrive at the airport EARLY, even if you’re only traveling with carry-on luggage. Baggage handlers and check-in agents are among those striking, so queues could grow unexpectedly long. Make sure that you always have water with you, as water is often inaccessible when stuck in long lines.
Monitor your airline’s communication channels for updates closer to your travel dates.
These strikes highlight a growing pattern of labor unrest within Portugal’s aviation sector, especially in the wake of pandemic-era financial stress, privatization efforts, and corporate restructuring. While travelers may feel frustrated by delays and disruptions, the workers argue that they are fighting for basic dignity and respect in their roles, many of which are underpaid and physically demanding.
TL;DR
Expect strikes from SATA cabin crew (July 18–24) and SPdH/Menzies ground workers (July 25–28 and four weekends in August). All major Portuguese airports will be affected, as will inter-island flights in the Azores. Plan ahead, stay informed, and allow extra time for delays.
How to Save Time, Avoid the Crowds, and Still See Everything Worth Seeing!
A Fairytale Destination Worth the Effort
Sintra is a must-see on anyone’s first trip to Lisbon, but it is impossible to see and do it all on a single day. If you can, it is best to spend a night or even two in this mystical fairytale town. However, if you only have one day, and don’t want to spend a fortune or get caught up in the large crowds, you can still get the essence of Sintra on your own with the right amount of strategy.
While many tourists get caught up in the chaos of crowded trains, disorganized bus transfers, and overpriced snacks, you don’t have to! This ultimate DIY guide will show you how to explore Sintra like a savvy insider, saving time, money, and stress while soaking up all that this magic palace town has to offer.
Skip the Train, Take a Bolt
Let’s get this out of the way first: if you’re not a hardcore train enthusiast, don’t take the train to Sintra. Yes, it’s cheap, and yes, it runs frequently, but it also takes longer and gets absurdly crowded, especially in the morning when everyone else is headed to the same few palaces.
Instead, open your Bolt app and call a car straight from central Lisbon to Palácio da Pena. The ride will cost you around €25-€30, and it will get you there in 30 minutes to 1 hour, about an hour faster than a train-and-bus combo. With a group of 3 or 4 people, that’s just a few euros more per person for a much smoother and saner start to the day.
If you only ride to the center of Sintra, you’ll be funneled into one of the many tuk tuks lining the road and end up paying €10 per person to go up to Pena Palace anyway. We advise you to skip the middleman and go straight to the top. Avoid the bus at all costs. It’s €13.50 per person and will take longer due to needing to wind through narrow streets and constant stops unloading passengers.
Buy Your Tickets in Advance!
As of 2025, you must purchase tickets in advance for Pena Palace and Quinta da Regaleira. Spontaneous visits are no longer allowed if the time slots are already filled. You’ll need to select a specific time window for entry when you book, and staff will actually enforce it. Trust me, my time ticket was checked at four different points when I visited Pena Palace.
Book at least three days ahead to get the best price. Popular slots, especially in the morning, fill up quickly. You can buy directly from the official Parques de Sintra website or through verified resellers. Booking more than three days in advance also gets you 15% off.
First Stop – Palácio da Pena
Begin your day with the star attraction: Palácio da Pena. This 19th-century romantic masterpiece looks straight out of a storybook. With its vivid yellows and reds, intricate tile work, and hilltop views, it’s definitely the most photogenic palace in Portugal.
Your Bolt will drop you near the ticket gate. From there, don’t bother taking the shuttle bus that runs from the ticket checkpoint to the palace itself. It’s not free, and unless you have mobility issues, the 15-minute uphill walk is absolutely doable and even enjoyable. You’ll pass through forested paths and peek-a-boo views of the colorful palace above.
Coming back down? Easy. It’s a 5-minute stroll. This will help you skip the wait for the transfer bus standing next to agitated and aggressive tourists making sure you don’t cut in front of them (speaking from experience here).
After your tour of Pena, grab a tuk tuk down the mountain at €10 per person (actually cheaper down the bus since we are only taking it one way) back to the city center and either grab a quick lunch or head 15 minutes back up the mountain to Quinta da Regaleira. If you’re ahead of schedule, walk. It’s a scenic 30-minute downhill trek. You can also stop at the Moors Castle if you have the time before your timed ticket entry to Quinta da Regaleira.
At Regaleira, you’ll encounter one of Sintra’s most iconic sights: the Initiation Well. As soon as you enter the property, follow the signs and go straight to the well. The earlier you go in your time slot, the shorter your wait will be. We only waited 15 minutes by doing this, and the crowds were growing fast behind us.
Once you’ve seen the well, take your time. The grounds are extensive and full of surprises – hidden grottoes, ornate towers, quiet corners, and romantic ruins. And no one will be rushing you out. The only time you have to worry about is when you enter.
Insider Tip – Water Fountains and Bags
Quinta da Regaleira has public drinking fountains with clean, cool water. Bring a reusable water bottle and refill it here. It beats paying premium prices at a souvenir stand for the same thing.
Also, bring a backpack or shoulder bag large enough to carry that bottle, plus snacks, a phone charger, and a small collapsible umbrella. Sintra’s weather is notorious for sudden misty downpours, even in summer. And yes, wear real shoes. This is not a flip-flop kind of trip unless you want to take the risk or buy shoes with good grip such as the Crocs pictured below.
Filling up at a fountain at Quinta da Regaleira, Photo by Becky Gillespie
What Else Can You See?
If you still have time and energy, there’s more to explore:
Monserrate Palace is farther afield but a real gem if you like gardens and exotic architecture. It’s less visited and incredibly peaceful.
Monserrate Palace. Photo by Håkon Åreskjold (Unsplash)
Palácio Nacional de Sintra, right in the town center, is another worthwhile and easy stop, especially if you have the Lisboa Card for discounted entry.
Sintra National Palace. Photo by F Delventhal (Flickr)
Biester Palace is right next door to Quinta da Regaleira and much less visited due to only opening its doors to the public in 2022. If you like a more intimate experience, this is well worth your time.
The Living Room, Biester Palace, Photo by Becky Gillespie
Discounted Passes and Free Sundays
A few more tips to help you save:
Free Sundays – If you’re a resident of Portugal, you can visit many Sintra monuments for free on Sundays and public holidays but only if you show proof of residency at the ticket office on the day. Don’t forget your residence card!
Disability Discounts – People with disabilities receive up to 70% off at many locations, and one companion may enter for free.
Parques de Sintra Friend Card – If you’re planning to come back again and again (or are a resident planning to visit Sintra with friends and family multiple times throughout the year, consider an annual pass. For €90, you can access nearly all Sintra monuments as many times as you like.
The Trip Back – Train or Bolt?
When the day winds down and your feet start complaining, it’s time to head home. This is when the train makes a little more sense. By mid- to late-afternoon, the rush of morning visitors has already passed, and you’ll find the ride much calmer and more scenic.
Still not a fan of public transit? Open Bolt and grab a ride back to Lisbon. Traffic into the city can be heavier in the late afternoon between 4:30pm – 7pm, but at least you’ll be in a comfortable seat instead of jostling for standing room.
Final Thoughts
Sintra is one of those rare places that’s every bit as beautiful in person as it looks in photos. But your enjoyment hinges heavily on how you plan your day. With a few key moves, which include booking tickets early, starting with a Bolt to Pena Palace, and navigating the palaces in the right order, you can transform a potential tourist trap into an unforgettable adventure.
Take the shortcuts that count. Skip the ones that don’t. And don’t forget to look up every now and then because, in Sintra, the magic is everywhere.
Sintra Tours
Not wanting to do it all yourself? Book these tours instead!
Have you ever heard a Portuguese tuna sing? Maybe we already have you scratching your head. No, we don’t mean that kind of tuna. We mean a Portuguese tuna – a musical group that brings together university culture, tradition, and camaraderie into a lively and enduring community. These university-based musical groups dress in distinctive traditional attire and are deeply rooted in Portuguese history and cultural expressions cherished by students and the broader community. Portuguese tunas started several centuries ago and have evolved into dynamic symbols of academic pride.
The History of Tunas
The roots of Portuguese tunas trace back to the medieval period in the Iberian Peninsula around the 13th century. During this time, wandering students and clerics, known as sopistas, roamed towns performing music in exchange for food, shelter, or financial support. These itinerant musicians laid the foundation for what would become the organized tunas. The term tuna itself originates from the Latin word tonus, meaning “tone” or “sound” and emphasizes the musical essence of the tradition.
By the 19th century, tunas had become institutionalized within Portuguese universities. They transitioned from informal groups of performers to structured ensembles that represented their academic institutions at festivals, ceremonies, and public events. This formalization reinforced the tradition as a defining element of university life. The practice spread beyond Portugal through cultural exchanges, particularly to Latin America, where it gained new interpretations while retaining its Iberian essence.
Modern tunas function as organized musical ensembles made up of university students who perform songs accompanied by traditional instruments. Membership is inclusive and fosters a sense of unity and collective purpose among participants. A tuna typically operates with defined roles including a musical director, instrumentalists, vocalists, and performers responsible for choreography.
The experience of being part of a tuna is as much about cultivating bonds and preserving cultural heritage as it is about mastering musical skills. These groups emphasize values such as friendship, dedication, and mutual respect, and form tight-knit communities where members share a profound sense of belonging. Through their performances, they celebrate both their academic identity and Portugal’s cultural traditions.
Traditional Uniforms
The distinctive attire of Portuguese tunas is a visual testament to their historical roots and serves as a unifying symbol for group members. The uniform is inspired by the academic dress of Portuguese university students from the 15th century. Black suits paired with white shirts and ties are a common choice for male members, while female members might wear black skirts or trousers with similar styling. The outfit is completed with a long black cape that holds special symbolic and sentimental value.
These capes are often personalized over time with embroidered patches and designs that reflect the wearer’s achievements, travels, or significant moments within the tuna. The result is a piece of clothing that tells a story full of personal and collective meaning. Additional elements, such as wide-brimmed hats or colorful sashes, are sometimes incorporated and add visual flair and accentuate the theatrical aspect of performances.
The music of Portuguese tunas is a blend of traditional Portuguese songs, folk melodies, and modern compositions. Their repertoire often explores themes of love, friendship, student life, and regional pride through an engaging mix of heartfelt and lively tunes. Traditional Portuguese fado plays a significant role in many performances and infuses them with the soulful and melancholic character that defines this genre. Songs such as Coimbra, also known as April in Portugal, are iconic pieces that pay homage to Portugal’s cultural and academic history.
Regional folk music adds a celebratory and storytelling dimension to tuna performances. These pieces, often rhythmic and vibrant, highlight the traditions of various Portuguese regions. Another important component of their repertoire is university-themed music, such as Balada da Despedida (Farewell Ballad), which captures the poignant emotions of graduation and leaving university life behind. Many tunas also compose original music that blend traditional styles with contemporary influences to express their unique identity and creativity.
Instruments are central to the tuna sound, with classical and acoustic guitars providing a harmonic base. Mandolins add a bright and melodic quality, while tambourines, castanets, and accordions contribute dynamic rhythm and texture to the arrangements.
Performance and Competitions
Performances by Portuguese tunas are a captivating blend of music, theater, and interaction. Members engage with audiences through choreographed routines, humorous skits, and emotive speeches that create an experience that is both entertaining and culturally enriching. Theatricality is integral to their presentations, which makes each performance unique and memorable.
In addition to public appearances, tunas often participate in national and international festivals and competitions. These events, such as the Festival Internacional de Tunas Universitárias (FITU), provide a platform for showcasing talent and creativity. Groups are judged on various aspects, including musical quality, stage presence, choreography, and audience interaction. For tunantes, these gatherings are an opportunity to share their passion, learn from peers, and strengthen bonds with other performers.
Tunas Across Portuguese Universities
Many universities in Portugal host their own tunas and each brings a unique flavor and identity to the tradition. The names of these tunas often reflect the university or region they represent as well as the spirit of the group. At the University of Coimbra, one of the most renowned academic institutions in Portugal, several tunas thrive, including Estudantina Universitária de Coimbra. This group, like many others in Coimbra, honors the city’s legacy as the birthplace of many academic traditions.
In Lisbon, the capital city, Tuna Académica da Universidade de Lisboa represents the vibrant student community of the University of Lisbon. Other Lisbon-based universities, such as NOVA University, also host their own tunas, such as Tuna Feminina da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, that showcase the growing representation of women in this cultural tradition.
Further north in Porto, the University of Porto is home to Tuna Académica da Universidade do Porto (TAUP), a group that has achieved national and international acclaim. The city also boasts Tuna Feminina de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto that highlights the diverse representation of fields of study within the tuna tradition.
Other notable groups include Tuna Académica do Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisbon, Tuna Universitária do Minho in Braga, and Tuna Académica da Universidade de Évora in southern Portugal. Each of these groups contributes to the rich tapestry of tunas across the country that brings regional pride and unique characteristics to the broader tradition.
The tradition of tunas holds a significant place in Portuguese cultural life. Through their performances, tunas connect generations by keeping traditional music alive while adapting it to contemporary contexts. Preservation and innovation ensure the tunas’ continued relevance and appeal.
In Portuguese towns and cities, the presence of tunas in public spaces, historic venues, or university events fosters a sense of nostalgia and communal pride. They represent a celebration of student culture and the enduring values of friendship, creativity, and academic identity. For members, joining a tuna is a transformative experience and creates lasting memories and lifelong connections within the group.
In Conclusion
Portuguese tunas exemplify the interplay between tradition and modernity through music, performance, and cultural pride as part of a dynamic expression of university life. Through their rich repertoire, distinctive uniforms, and engaging performances, tunas continue to captivate audiences and reinforce Portugal’s cultural identity. Their enduring popularity speaks to their ability to inspire, entertain, and preserve a legacy that resonates across generations. Experiencing a tuna performance offers a vivid connection to Portugal’s academic and artistic traditions. Now that you more about Portuguese tunas, you will be ready to listen to one next time without getting a silly image of a fish in your head!
Tucked into Portugal’s Aveiro district lies São João da Madeira, the country’s smallest municipality, which measures just eight square kilometers! Yet, despite its modest size, this town has made a huge contribution to global fashion and culture, especially when it comes to hats. From the Vatican to Hollywood, from airline uniforms to law enforcement headgear, São João da Madeira has made hats for people around the world.
John Wayne wore one. So did James Stewart and Humphrey Bogart. Indiana Jones’ legendary fedora? Made here. The stylish hats of Johnny Depp in Public Enemies? Same place. Even Pope Francis, the British female police force, and Qatar Airways flight attendants have all worn hats crafted in this Portuguese town. Will you be the next? The tradition lives on through generations of craftsmanship, and there’s no better place to explore that legacy than the Hat Museum (Museu da Chapelaria).
History and Industry Combined
Opened in 2005, the Hat Museum is located in a building that once housed Portugal’s largest and most influential hat factory. It used to be the engine of a booming local industry, but the building now preserves that history for proud locals and curious visitors. Its transformation into a museum keeps São João da Madeira’s story alive through storytelling and hands-on exhibits.
The museum is a tribute to the generations of craftsmen, designers, and laborers who helped put this little known town map. As you walk through the permanent exhibitions, you can explore a collection of old hats and machines and step into the lives and stories of the people who made them.
One of many machines at Museu da Chapelaria, Trotz, Wikimedia Commons
A Multisensory Experience
The exhibits in the Hat Museum offer a truly multisensory experience. The exhibit is designed to immerse visitors in the full scope of hat production, which has changed surprisingly little over the past century. You can see the enormous machinery once used in the manufacturing process, touch the raw materials like wool and fur felt, and even smell the distinctive scents of dye, steam, and leather that still linger in the fibers.
Audio elements allow you to hear the rhythmic clatter of machines once operated by dozens of factory workers. You’ll gain insight into each of the twenty-plus stages of production from the initial cleaning and shaping of raw materials to the final blocking, stiffening, and trimming of the finished hat.
Along the way, personal accounts and photographs capture what life was like for the men and women who spent decades working in the factory. Their pride, skill, and community spirit give visitors a rare glimpse into the heart and soul of Portugal’s industrial history.
Hats That Made History
Of course, the stars of the show are the hats themselves. A dazzling variety of styles are on display, many of which became emblematic in different parts of the world. Cowboy hats from Texas, red fezzes from Morocco, and aristocratic top hats once worn by European nobility. Each of these hats has a story, and every one of them has roots in São João da Madeira.
A highlight of the exhibit is the celebrity connection. You’ll find replicas of the fedoras worn by screen legends like Buster Keaton and Cary Grant in addition to the feathered ceremonial hats of popes and high-ranking clergy.
Visit Fepsa, a Fully Operational Hat Factory
Visitors are encouraged to schedule a tour at Fepsa, a modern, fully operational hat factory a short 6-minute drive away.
Fepsa is responsible for producing nearly one-third of all fur felt used in hats globally. If you’ve ever seen a Chanel wide-brim or the classic lines of a Prada bucket hat, chances are the felt came from here. The factory caters to haute couture powerhouses such as Hermès, Prada, Chanel, and Borsalino, but also supplies felt for traditional ceremonial and cultural headwear across Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Fepsa’s operations are a masterclass in balancing tradition with technology. Walking through the factory, you’ll witness the evolution of techniques passed down through generations.
Plan Your Visit
The Hat Museum is easy to access from Porto, located just 40 minutes away by car or 1.5 hours by train via Espinho (check times on Google Maps).
Address – R. António José de Oliveira Júnior 501, São João da Madeira, Portugal
Opening Hours –
Tuesday to Sunday: 10:00 AM – 12:30 PM and 2:00 PM – 5:30 PM, Closed on Mondays, January 1, Easter Sunday, and December 1.
Tickets to the Hat Museum cost €3. Guided tours cost €4 with a minimum of 5 people. Contact the museum in advance to check about guided tours. Parking is free.
Visitors with a Senior or Youth Card (including municipal cards) receive 50% off the regular ticket price. Free admission is offered on Sundays from 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM for people who live in or are originally from São João da Madeira. Free entry also applies to local schools, youth programs, social institutions, volunteer firefighters, former hat industry workers, museum donors, and people with disabilities of 60% or more (plus one essential companion). Children under 12 also get in for free unless part of a group visit with a school or organization. Tour group organizers also benefit, with one free ticket for every 10 visitors.
Fepsa (R. de Cucujães 192, São João da Madeira) is open from 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM from Monday – Friday if you’d like to purchase one of their hats. You can also order online.
Portugal’s long and layered past starts with megalithic stones and moves forward in time to Roman temples, Visigothic chapels, and medieval monasteries. These 12 buildings are the oldest structures still standing in Portugal, and we’ve ranked them from oldest to “youngest.” Join us on a journey through time as we visit the structures from Portugal’s ancient past that helped shape the country it is today.
1. Almendres Cromlech – Évora (c. 6000–3000 BCE)
Older than Stonehenge and one of the most significant megalithic sites in Europe, Almendres Cromlech is a collection of nearly 100 standing stones arranged in circular and elliptical formations in the Alentejo countryside. The site has a powerful, mystical energy and was thought to have been used for ceremonial or astronomical purposes by Neolithic communities. Located just outside Évora, the stones are best visited at sunrise or sunset when the light enhances their timeless presence. There’s no entrance fee, and the peaceful setting adds to its allure. We encourage you to visit on your next trip to Portugal.
Photo by João Carvalho (Wiki)
2. Anta Grande do Zambujeiro – Évora (c. 4000–3000 BCE)
Not far from Almendres stands another prehistoric wonder: the Anta Grande do Zambujeiro, the largest known dolmen (megalithic tomb) in Portugal. Standing over 6 meters tall, the massive capstone rests on upright slabs that form a long chamber where ancient elites were buried over 5,000 years ago. A dirt path leads you to the site through fields dotted with cork oaks and olive trees. Though the chamber is now fenced off to preserve it, you can still admire this astonishing feat of Neolithic engineering up close.
3. Castro de São Lourenço – Esposende (c. 800 BCE)
This Iron Age hillfort in northern Portugal dates back to at least the 8th century BCE and was later used by Romans and early medieval settlers. The Castro de São Lourenço includes remnants of stone houses, circular dwellings, and defensive walls located in a forest above the town of Esposende. It’s a place where you can physically walk through layers of civilization. Interpretive panels explain the site’s development, and the panoramic views of the Atlantic coast are stunning, especially at sunset.
Castro de S. Lourenço, Vítor Ribeiro, Flickr
4. Roman Temple of Évora (Templo de Diana) – Évora (1st century CE)
The Templo de Diana, as it’s commonly called, is one of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the Iberian Peninsula. Built in the 1st century CE and likely dedicated to Emperor Augustus, this temple dominates a square in Évora’s historic center. Its elegant Corinthian columns have withstood invasions, repurposing, and the effects of erosion over two millennia. A popular spot for photographs, it’s also within walking distance of Évora’s Roman baths and aqueduct, which makes it an ideal stop for history lovers.
Roman Temple Evora. Photo by Fernando Moital (Flickr)
5. Conímbriga Roman Ruins – near Coimbra (1st–4th centuries CE)
The ancient city of Conímbriga offers the most extensive and immersive Roman site in Portugal. Its grand villas, paved streets, forum, and exquisite mosaics make it a fascinating place to explore. The highlight is the House of Fountains, a partially restored mansion where running water and decorative mosaics showcase Roman luxury. The on-site museum houses many artifacts, including statues, coins, and tools. It’s an ideal half-day trip from Coimbra.
The House of Fountains, Duca696, Wikimedia Commons
6. Villa Romana do Rabaçal – Penela (4th century CE)
Less known than Conímbriga but equally impressive is the Villa Romana do Rabaçal, located in the municipality of Penela. Dating all the way back to the 4th century CE, the site features the remains of a Roman rural estate including colorful mosaic floors with unique geometrical designs. The villa’s layout and agricultural tools provide insight into daily Roman life in Lusitania, and you can also take a guided tour and visit the interpretation center.
7. Igreja de São Frutuoso de Montélios – Braga (c. 656 CE)
One of the few remaining examples of Visigothic architecture in Portugal, the Church of São Frutuoso was built in the 7th century and modeled after Byzantine and Mozarabic styles. The church’s cross-shaped layout and horseshoe arches reflect the blending of cultures in early medieval Iberia. Although small, it holds enormous historical significance and is part of a larger convent complex just outside Braga. Guided visits explain its context and show the layers of restoration that preserved its rare early-Christian features.
São Frutuoso Chapel, Joseolgon, Wikimedia Commons
8. Sé de Braga (Braga Cathedral) – Braga (1070s CE)
Founded in the 11th century and finished well before Portugal’s independence, Braga Cathedral is the country’s oldest. It marks the dawn of Romanesque architecture in Portugal and evolved over time with Gothic, Manueline, and Baroque additions. Inside are the tombs of Count Henry and Dona Teresa, the parents of the first Portuguese king. The Treasury Museum showcases ornate religious artifacts including a 14th-century silver altarpiece. Still an active religious site, the Sé offers concerts, services, and access to its twin organ lofts.
Braga cathedral. Photo by Pedro (Flickr)
9. Monastery of Santa Cruz – Coimbra (1131 CE)
Founded even before Portugal became a kingdom, the Monastery of Santa Cruz is a stunning Romanesque complex that played a key role in the formation of the nation. It served as the burial place of the first two kings of Portugal and was a center of intellectual and religious life. The interior features Manueline architecture, royal tombs, and a beautiful cloister. It’s also conveniently located in the heart of Coimbra, making it easy to combine with visits to the nearby university and historic downtown.
10. Castle of the Moors – Sintra (8th–9th centuries, rebuilt 12th century)
Though originally constructed by the Moors in the 8th or 9th century, the Castle of the Moors was expanded and rebuilt after Sintra’s reconquest in 1147. Today, the fortress walls wind dramatically along the Sintra hills and offer some of the best views in Portugal. Visitors can climb its towers, explore its cisterns, and marvel at the strategic genius of its builders. Restoration in the 19th century preserved the romantic ruin aesthetic that makes this castle feel like something from a fairytale.
Moors Castle. Photo by E. C. (Unsplash)
11. Sé de Lisboa (Lisbon Cathedral) – Lisbon (1147 CE)
Built after Lisbon’s reconquest from the Moors, the Sé de Lisboa is a Romanesque cathedral with Gothic and Baroque additions. Located in the Alfama district, it was constructed on the site of a former mosque, embodying Lisbon’s layered cultural past. Visitors can tour the nave, the cloisters (which reveal earlier Roman and Islamic ruins), and the treasury. The cathedral’s twin towers and massive stone façade give it a fortress-like appearance, and it’s especially striking when bathed in late afternoon light.
Founded by Cistercian monks in the late 12th century, Alcobaça Monastery is one of Portugal’s greatest architectural and historical treasures. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it boasts the largest Gothic church in the country and the romantic tombs of Pedro and Inês, carved with exquisite detail. The monastery’s refectory, dormitory, and vast kitchen are open to the public and reveal the disciplined, agricultural lifestyle of the Cistercians. This is truly a must-visit place in Portugal.
Final Thoughts
These 12 structures rank among the oldest in Portugal and are ready for you to marvel at in person. When you gaze at the stars from Almendres or whisper to the ghosts of kings in Alcobaça, you’re experiencing the richness of time itself – a journey only Portugal can offer. Which place would you like to visit first? Let us know in the comments!
Crisp Vinho Verde, robust Douro reds, or effervescent sparkling wines. You name it and Portugal’s wine festivals can provide. In the second half of 2025, Portugal’s calendar is packed with unforgettable festivals that highlight the country’s deep connection to viticulture. Each event brings its own unique flair, bringing locals and visitors together in a celebration of flavor, craftsmanship, and community.
1. Vinho Verde Fest Braga
Dates – July 11–13, 2025 Location – Jardins da Avenida Central, Braga
Held in the heart of Braga, the Vinho Verde Fest transforms the city’s central gardens into a celebration of one of Portugal’s most iconic wines. The event invites visitors to savor a wide variety of Vinho Verde styles for the 12th consecutive year with 33 wine exhibitors and 14 street food stalls. Entrance is free and you can also live music while sipping on refreshing vinho verde. This is the perfect place to discover the refreshing flavors of Vinho Verde wines directly from the producers.
From July 11 to 13, the Guarda Wine Fest brings a lively weekend to the center of Portugal’s highest city. Set in Alameda Santo André, this festival will have more than 50 producers from Douro, Dão, Beira Interior and, this year’s special guest region of Trás-os-Montes. Enjoy wine tastings, conversations with winemakers, regional gastronomy, and live performances. The event emphasizes local and regional producers, which makes it an excellent opportunity to discover wines that might not be widely available elsewhere in an inviting mountain atmosphere.
3. Festa Branca, Setúbal
Date – July 19, 2025, From 5:00 PM Location – B&B Hotel Sado Setúbal, R. Irene Lisboa 1
Setúbal’s Festa Branca returns on July 19 with a glamorous twist: all attendees are required to dress in white. From 5pm onwards, guests will gather on the panoramic terrace of B&B Hotel Sado to enjoy more than 200 wines and sparkling wines, handcrafted cocktails, and live music with Pedro Monchique & Sandro on saxophone. A delicious bonus this year includes a Leitão à Bairrada sandwich, prepared by chef Jacinto Alves from Chafariz de São Romão in Carnaxide. Promotional ticket prices range from €20 for single entry to €35 for double, with an €8 food option that includes suckling pig and fries. The entry includes a free tasting glass. And, if you arrive early, you’ll be treated to an extra surprise. It’s a truly sophisticated summer night out for wine lovers.
4. EALIVE, Évora
Dates – July 10–12 & July 18–19, 2025 Location – Quinta de Valbom, Évora
Taking place over two weekends (July 10 to 12 and July 18 to 19) in the beautiful Quinta de Valbom in Évora, EALIVE takes place in a beautiful winery in Évora. Each ticket includes a lanyard, a reusable glass, and tastings of three EA wines of your choice. The event is held in an open-air amphitheater with assigned seating where guests enjoy sunset views and top-notch entertainment. It’s a luxurious celebration of Alentejo’s wine scene.
5. Festival do Vinho e Pera Rocha
Dates – August 7–12, 2025 Location –Mata Municipal do Bombarral, R. Comendador António da Costa 30, Bombarral
Running from August 7 to 12 in Bombarral, the Festival do Vinho e Pera Rocha is a dual celebration of the region’s wines and its prized Pera Rocha pear, which is recognized with Protected Geographical Indication (IGP) status. With dozens of producers from the Lisbon and Setúbal regions in attendance, visitors can enjoy tastings, workshops, and culinary pairings. The festival emphasizes the connection between land and product and showcases the agricultural richness of the western part of Portugal. It’s a flavorful tribute to local farming and winemaking traditions.
Pêra Rocha do Oeste, Livraria Livrododia, Flickr
6. Palmela Wine Jazz
Dates – August 15–17, 2025 Location – Castelo de Palmela, Av. dos Cavaleiros de Santiago e Espada, Palmela
From August 15th to 17th, 2025, Palmela will once again be the stage for a celebration that combines music and winemaking. Palmela Wine Jazz returns to Parque Venâncio Ribeiro da Costa, next to Palmela Castle, for another edition that promises to engage visitors with the sounds of jazz and the flavors of wines from the Setúbal Peninsula. It’s a great excuse to explore Palmela while indulging in the harmony of music and wine.
7. Madeira Wine Festival
Dates – August 24–September 14, 2025 Location – Various venues across Funchal and surrounding vineyards and wine cellars on Madeira Island
Held over three rewarding weeks, the Madeira Wine Festival is one of the island’s most cherished traditions. From lively street celebrations in Funchal to tastings set amongst vineyards and rustic wine cellars, this event pays homage to centuries-old winemaking traditions. Visitors can participate in grape harvesting, ceremonial stomping in traditional “vinhaça” presses, and sample fortified Madeira wines against a backdrop of folk music, gastronomic stalls, and scenic ocean views. Don’t miss the signature Madeira Wine Lounge at Praça do Povo for guided tastings and cultural showcases.
Dates – September 4–7, 2025 Location – Praça do Marquês, São João da Pesqueira
Taking place in São João da Pesqueira from September 4 to 7, the Vindouro Festa Pombalina brings together over 100 Douro producers in the stunning setting of Praça do Marquês. This event captures the spirit of the Douro region and offers visitors a chance to taste exceptional wines that reflect the dedication and heritage of local winemaking. The festival also includes cultural activities, traditional dress, and a nod to 18th-century Pombaline aesthetics, which makes it a uniquely historical and flavorful experience.
9. Alma do Vinho, Alenquer
Dates – September 11–14, 2025 Location – Parque Urbano da Romeira, Alenquer, Portugal
The 7th edition of Alma do Vinho brings four vibrant days of wine and music to Parque Urbano da Romeira in Alenquer. With nearly 300 wines available for tasting, this festival was named ‘Event of the Year’ at the Lisbon Wine Competition and draws more than 35,000 visitors annually. Concerts by Buba Espinho, Os Quatro e Meia, Daniel Mercury, and Bárbara Bandeira light up the evenings, while the days are filled with fire-based cuisine, premium wine experiences, and sensory exhibitions. General passes (available via Ticketline and local outlets) include a wristband for full event access, and the first 500 buyers receive a surprise kit. Daily tickets also allow for unlimited wine tastings.
10. Vinho Sabor Douro, Torre de Moncorvo
Dates – September 13–14, 2025 Location – Praia Fluvial da Foz do Sabor, Torre de Moncorvo
Hosted at the Praia Fluvial da Foz do Sabor on September 13 and 14, Vinho Sabor Douro is a riverside celebration of wine. Visitors can sample a wide range of Douro wines directly from producers while soaking in the natural beauty of the Sabor River. The event emphasizes quality and authenticity and provides an ideal setting to meet winemakers, learn about regional viticulture, and taste wines that express the Douro’s unique identity. It’s an unmissable weekend for any wine enthusiast.
11. Vinhos a Descobrir – Autumn Edition
Dates – October 4–5, 2025, 2:00 PM – 8:00 PM (Saturday), 2:00 PM – 7:00 PM (Sunday) Location – Forte de Gaia, R. de Serpa Pinto 60, Vila Nova de Gaia
On October 4 and 5, Vinhos a Descobrir returns for its autumn edition at Forte de Gaia in Vila Nova de Gaia. The event brings together small and mid-sized producers from all over Portugal in an informal and educational setting. With over 100 wines available for tasting, alongside expert-led sessions, local cuisine, and live artistic performances, it’s a fantastic way to discover hidden gems and connect directly with passionate winemakers.
12. Vinhos & Sabores
Dates – October 18–20, 2025 Location – Pavilhão 2, Feira Internacional de Lisboa, Lisbon
From October 18 to 20, Vinhos & Sabores takes over Pavilhão 2 of the Feira Internacional de Lisboa. Organized by the wine magazine “Grandes Escolhas,” the event spans over 7,500 square meters and serves as a meeting point for producers and wine lovers. Guests can explore a vast array of Portuguese wines, engage in workshops, and sample gourmet foods. This event is ideal for both newcomers and connoisseurs and gives attendees an in-depth look at the best of Portugal’s wine scene.
13. Essência do Vinho Lisboa
Dates – November 1–3, 2025 Location – Centro de Congressos de Lisboa, Praça das Indústrias 1, Junqueira, Lisbon
Taking place from November 1 to 3 at the Centro de Congressos de Lisboa, Essência do Vinho is a major event organized by “Revista de Vinhos.” The festival attracts winemakers, critics, and wine lovers for three days of tastings, discussions, and networking. With hundreds of wines on offer and a strong focus on education and appreciation, it’s a standout event in the national wine calendar. The elegant venue and diverse programming make it a must for serious oenophiles.
14. Festa da Vinha e do Vinho
Dates – November 6–9, 2025 Location – Pavilhão Multiusos de Arruda dos Vinhos, Arruda dos Vinhos
From November 6 to 9, the Pavilhão Multiusos de Arruda dos Vinhos hosts the 28th edition of the Festa da Vinha e do Vinho, just a 35-minute drive from Lisbon. This long-running event highlights the region’s wine heritage with tastings, producer meet-and-greets, local cuisine, and cultural programming. It’s an opportunity to dive deep into the winemaking history of Arruda while enjoying a festive community atmosphere. The event fosters a strong connection between producers and consumers in a setting full of tradition and flavor.
15. Amphora Wine Day
Date – November 15, 2025 Location – Herdade do Rocim, Cuba, Beja District
On November 15, Herdade do Rocim in Cuba, Beja, hosts Amphora Wine Day, a celebration of ancient winemaking techniques using clay amphorae, or talhas. One of the highlights is the ceremonial opening of the amphorae, which allows visitors to taste wines straight from these traditional vessels. With over 30 producers showcasing their interpretations of talha wine, this event offers a rare look at Portugal’s vinification roots. It’s a must-visit for those interested in history, craftsmanship, and unique wine traditions.
Dates – November 14–16, 2025 Location – Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
From November 14 to 16, Vila Franca de Xira comes alive with the Xira Wine Fest, a dynamic event that gathers producers from across Portugal. The festival features guided tastings, culinary pairings, educational workshops, and plenty of social opportunities. Set in a region with strong ties to the Tagus River and agriculture, the event combines tradition with innovation. Whether you’re new to wine or a seasoned drinker, this festival offers a welcoming environment to taste, learn, and enjoy.
17. ENÓPHILO Wine Fest Porto
Date – November 22, 2025 Location – Hotel Crowne Plaza, Porto
The ENÓPHILO Wine Fest returns to Porto on November 22 for its ninth local edition and 30th national installment. Held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, this one-day event showcases over 35 producers and approximately 250 wines. Highlights include three special guided tastings that delve deep into specific varietals and regions. It’s a compact but content-rich festival that balances accessibility with depth and offers something for both casual drinkers and serious collectors in a relaxed hotel setting. Grab your ticket on Ticketline here.
18. Festa do Espumante de Melgaço
Dates – November 28–30, 2025 Location – Largo do Mercado Municipal, Melgaço, Portugal
Concluding the wine festival season from November 28 to 30, the Festa do Espumante de Melgaço focuses exclusively on sparkling wines. Organized by the local municipality, this event gives producers the opportunity to present their best bubbles directly to the public. With tastings, producer interactions, and a focus on regional pride, the festival champions the artistry and flavor of Portuguese espumante. It’s a bubbly way to wrap up the year in wine.
Get ready for an incredible last half of 2025 celebrating Portugal’s incredible wine traditions. Portugal’s wine traditions run the gamut from the traditional to the modern and the intimate to the grand. You truly have countless reasons to raise your glass across this incredible country. Saúde to a season of unforgettable wine adventures!
Chocolate salami, or salame de chocolate, is one of Portugal’s most beloved no-bake desserts. You can find it in cafés, bakeries, and even supermarkets throughout the country, where its log-like shape and speckled cookie interior make it instantly recognizable. While many know it as a Portuguese favorite, it is also popular in Italy.
Despite being widely available in shops, the best version is always homemade. Still, if you’re short on time or simply curious, two chocolate salami vendors, Salamaria and O Lisboeta, offer gourmet chocolate salamis that rival the finest pastéis de nata shops in their devotion to a single dessert. They also serve the sweet salami in a variety of flavors including pistachio and coffee. If you’re preparing chocolate salami for guests or keeping it all to yourself (we won’t judge), this indulgent, easy to make dessert is sure to be a hit with whoever gets their hands on it.
Ingredients
a splash of milk
a splash of Licor Beirão (or Port wine), or a splash of lemon juice if you want to keep it alcohol-free
1 large egg
1 tablespoon butter
1 dark or semi-sweet chocolate bar (7 oz / 200 g)
4 tablespoons granulated sugar (plus optional confectioners’ sugar for decorating)
2/3 of a pack of Maria cookies (a Portuguese brand)
Break the Maria cookies into small chunks (about fingernail size) and place them in a bowl. It’s fine if some crumbs collect at the bottom. Set aside.
Melt the chocolate bar (or chocolate chips, if using) along with the butter in a bain marie (double boiler) over the stove, stirring occasionally until smooth. If you don’t have a bain marie, you can make one, by using a pot or saucepan and a heat-proof bowl that can sit inside it without touching the bottom. Place the pot on the stovetop with water, bring it to a simmer, and then place the bowl inside, ensuring that it’s not submerged but suspended by steam.
While the chocolate melts, beat the egg and sugar together for a minute to combine thoroughly. Set aside.
Once the chocolate and butter have fully melted, stir in the Port wine, Licor Beirão, or lemon juice. Let it cool slightly. Then, gradually add the egg and sugar mixture to the cooled chocolate, stirring constantly so the egg doesn’t cook.
Slowly fold in the crumbled cookies. If the mixture feels too stiff, add a spoonful (or up to three) of milk to loosen it just enough to incorporate the cookies. The texture should remain fairly firm. You can also stir in chopped nuts, cherries, or dried figs at this stage if you decide to use them.
Place a sheet of aluminum foil on a clean surface. Now, form the chocolate-cookie mixture into a rough log shape in the center. Fold the foil over and shape the mixture into a tight salami-like roll, pressing firmly so it holds together. You’ll notice the size compresses as you shape it. Wrap it fully in the foil and transfer it to the freezer.
Freeze for at least two hours. When ready to serve, slice through the foil to create thin rounds. Remove the foil, dust with confectioners’ sugar if desired, and serve chilled or slightly softened at room temperature.
Store any leftovers in the refrigerator for up to three months and take care to wrap them up so that no air gets in.
Ready to Make Chocolate Salami Yourself?
Trust us when we say salame de chocolate delivers every time. With its bold cocoa flavor, crunchy cookie bits, and a touch of liqueur, it’s the kind of treat that disappears quickly at gatherings. Best of all, you don’t need an oven – just a bit of mixing, shaping, and chilling. While you can always grab a slice at Salamaria or O Lisboeta, making it yourself is surprisingly simple and satisfying. Go on. Give it a try and see why this delicious chocolate roll has become a Portuguese culinary superstar.
Confectioner’s sugar on Portuguese chocolate salami, DepositPhotos.com
Strategic tax planning is critical if you’re a high-net-worth individual from the U.S. moving to Portugal via a Golden Visa or residency permit. By playing your cards right, you’ll be able to receive some of the highest tax deductions in all of Europe as an expat.
1. Non-Habitual Residency (NHR)
Without question, one of the most powerful incentives for new Portuguese residents was the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime. This was accessible to all high-net-worth individuals, retirees, and remote workers.
Under the original NHR rules (this ended late 2023), qualifying foreign income, for example, dividends, interest, and business profit, was exempt from Portuguese tax for 10 years. Portuguese-source income was then taxed at 20%, and foreign pensions, 10%.
Unfortunately, this no longer exists. However, there’s a new program investors are calling “NHR 2.0”. This is referred to as the Tax Incentive for Scientific Research and Innovation (IFICI).
To qualify for IFICI, you need to operate in a sector deemed relevant by the AICEP (Trade & Investment Agency) or IAPMEI (Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation), or involve higher education, qualified startups, or scientific research.
Similarly, however, it grants a 20% flat rate on qualifying Portuguese income and exempts most foreign-source income for 10 years. The main difference, regarding tax, is that foreign pensions are taxed at regular Portuguese rates.
Therefore, despite the original NHR program ending, those who qualify for IFICI can still receive some excellent tax deductions for expats.
2. U.S. Foreign Tax Credit (FTC)
Those in the U.S. must pay tax on worldwide income. That’s what makes credit relief important. Fortunately, Portuguese tax can usually be credited against U.S tax under IRC §901.
Simply, the U.S.-Portugal tax convention requires the U.S. to avoid double taxation by granting credit for tax paid in Portugal.
Therefore, let’s say you pay Portuguese income tax on your salary, dividends, rent, etc. This can be offset against your U.S. tax liability on the same income.
For example, if you pay 35% in Portuguese tax on foreign business income, you can mark it as a Foreign Tax Credit on your U.S return.
By using the FTC and treaty correctly, expats can ensure they aren’t taxed twice on the same dollar. This improves cross-border tax efficiency tenfold.
3. Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE)
U.S. tax law also offers an exclusion that U.S. expats can leverage. This is under IRC §911.
It says qualifying Americans working abroad can be excluded up to $130,000. To qualify for the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE), you must meet the bona fide residence or 330-day test.
Alongside this, you have the Foreign Housing Exclusion, allowing you to exclude certain housing costs. As of 2025, this is capped at around $39,000. For high-rent areas like Lisbon, higher limits may apply by IRS notice.
By using FEIE and the Foreign Housing Exclusion, Americans can exclude a large chunk of their earned income and housing expenses from U.S tax.
4. Charitable Donation Deductions
Portugal’s tax code is very philanthropy-heavy, granting those who utilize it generous tax credits.
For example, individual taxpayers in the country can claim a 25% credit on cash donations to qualifying public-benefit organizations. It’s possible to donate to other entities, however, this can range from a 15% to 25% tax credit.
Therefore, let’s say you donate $10,000; you can claim a tax deduction of up to $2,500.
5. Other Portuguese Deductions
Beyond the above four highly important tax deductions, there are some smaller ones to consider as well.
These include:
PPR Retirement Contributions: Contributions to a PPR (Plano Poupança Reforma) retirement saving plan can earn a 20% tax credit. The max credit depends on your age.
Health Expenses: 15% tax credit on specific non-reimbursed medical expenses (up to €1,000 per year).
Education Expenses: 30% credit on certain educational costs (up to €800, or up to €1,100 if also paying rent).
Household and Domestic Services: 35% credit on qualifying household services, home repairs, services, etc. (Max €250 or €500 for joint returns).
Other Specific Credits: There are also varying credits for mortgage interest, rent, home improvements for retirees, etc., each with its own limit.
The tax deductions are very modest. However, together, they can help reduce your taxable income.
The strategies mentioned above can help reduce a U.S. expat’s tax liability if they’re living in Portugal.
To fully take advantage of these deductions, however, you need a professional by your side. Someone who understands U.S. and Portugal’s tax laws.
Holborn Assets specialize in helping high-net-worth individuals with cross-border financial planning, tax-efficient investment strategies, and ongoing wealth management.. Contact us today to learn more, sign up for our webinar on “Tax Efficient Tips and Financial Planning for Expats in Portugal,” or get in touch for a personalized consultation.
Tax Efficient Tips and Financial Planning for Expats in Portugal, Courtesy of Holborn Assets
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